TEST: Gibson Les Paul Junior

 We jump back 6 decades and write the year 1958. America's former flagship guitar manufacturer Gibson is fighting with all means against the ever-increasing popularity of the Fender Stratocaster and is desperately trying to put its flagship Les Paul in the limelight. As early as 1954, Gibson took a multi-pronged approach to its model policy and tried to offer the Les Paul model, which was relatively expensive due to the amount of manual work, in cheaper regions in order to be able to compete with the price of the Stratocaster, which was made from regional wood and partly by semi-skilled workers. In addition to the standard version and the even more expensive custom version, Gibson is launching the Special for those on a budget and, as the simplest model for students and other hungry people, the Gibson Les Paul Junior.

Finally, in 1958, the quartet was able to position itself even better thanks to the invention of the humbucker pickup in 1957, compared to the custom (gold hardware, black), standard (in sunburst, today worth up to half a million euros, even more with famous previous owners , also painted opaquely as Gold Top), the Special (2 P-90 pickups without any prettification) and the Junior, which “only” has a second cutaway as a simple board with just one pickup. The latter model, which was discontinued in 1963 and reanimated in 2001, is now available for testing. By the way, the model is clearly ahead of its time, according to the stamp it is a 2019 model, and the serial number also takes us into the future...

The concept of the Gibson Les Paul Junior

As the “dirty little sister” of the Les Paul Standard mother, the path of the “Plank” was quickly mapped out. The burgeoning rock'n'roll in dirty and small clubs called for a guitar that could handle a lot, forgive a lot and also sound well in the mud of the cellar. Equipped with probably the best single-coiler ever built, the Gibson Les Paul Junior achieved a unique sound with powerful crunch that was snappy but not cutting. Punk with all its variations seemed predestined for the sound of this instrument; it is not for nothing that Billie Joe Armstrong from pop punk band Green Day is currently the most famous and successful Gibson Les Paul Junior player.

Fat lead sounds and singing solo passages were and will probably never be the maxim of the Gibson Les Paul Junior, but in the hard rhythm range no one can give this instrument a run for its money. However, the originals from 60 years ago often suffered from various hardware problems, so we will focus primarily on this point and the choice of wood.


The construction of the Gibson Les Paul Junior

Mahogany as far as the eye can see, at least that's how it was in the original edition from the fifties. The 2019 version broke with this doctrine in that the neck was now made of maple, which is generally said to have a stronger treble presence. A rosewood fingerboard (Dalbergia latifolia) and a three-piece mahogany body complete the wood selection. Experts are still arguing about whether a one-piece body can be distinguished from a multi-piece body in terms of sound, so I too am cautious about whether the sound can be improved.

The fact is, however, that the body construction was primarily about savings. The body consists of 3 pieces of different sizes, which you could just barely use as waste. The paintwork is also not opaque, but rather open-pored, which reveals another visual flaw. As is well known, mahogany is a comparatively brittle wood that tends to crumble, especially when machines are used. This appears to have been the case several times during the production of the Gibson Les Paul Junior.

In the curves of the cutaways we have long had unclean finishes in the direction of growth of the wood, which were not really neatly refinished by hand. You almost get the impression that the CNC milling was just done before painting. Of course, this requires manual work and it costs money. The negative highlight, however, is the saddle, which although it sits cleanly, leaves an impression on the outer edges as if it had been “ticked off” with a box knife. Sorry, with “Made in USA” something like that doesn’t work with the best will in the world.

When it comes to hardware, Gibson once again relies on the simple but tried and tested Deluxe versions, while a compensated wraparound bridge is used as the bridge. The octave purity is roughly specified and can usually be adjusted 90% satisfactorily for the majority of all string sets. However, a wound G string is out of the question for this bridge.


The Gibson Les Paul Junior in practice

Sound files are always a nice thing, but on the one hand pure guitar sounds are generally quite boring and on the other hand they lack the context of a band sound. In order to test the assertiveness of the Gibson Les Paul Junior in this context, I recorded a few simple backing tracks that the guitar can lay on. It was played on a Marshall 2203 head from 1976 and a Marshall 412 260 watt cabinet from the eighties, and the recording was done on an SM57 plus Mackie 32-8-8 console.

Already from the first notes of the clean sound you can hear the reason why this instrument has survived to this day despite its completely unadorned, even inconsequential appearance. The construction sounds incredibly good, which is particularly due to the P-90 pickup. The sound is powerful in the mids with plenty of attack, without having to fear the sometimes cutting sound of a Fender single-winder. The sound is very dynamic and depends very much on the musician's approach.

What turns out to be an absolute joke, however, is the 009 phrase that was added at the factory. Despite the flat vintage frets, a lot of my energy goes into not using my fretting hand too hard and destroying the intonation. In addition, almost every touch makes a buzzing sound, which is also due to my playing style. In my opinion, an instrument like the Gibson Les Paul Junior should receive at least one 011 set, which would be very beneficial for its use on the rhythm level.

With the first crunch sounds the sun finally rises. It's hard to describe how the archaic duo Gibson - Marshall finds each other again. No stompbox, no emulation, no post-processing, no nothing and the sound is just great. The classic rock sound par excellence, which produces one classic sound after the other depending on the musician's skills.

However, if you are looking for high gain sounds, you are in the wrong place here. One is inclined to say that once the gain factor reaches a certain point, the P-90 simply stops working and then it simply doesn't want to work anymore. Interestingly, the typical single-spool feedback only sets in very late. The generally higher electromagnetic field interference compared to the humbucker was also limited. Apart from a moderate mains hum, I couldn't make out any background noise.

The tone control was designed to be very extreme, probably in order to give the purist guitar a second sound. If you turn the control all the way down, the instrument sounds like a wah-wah pedal in the heel position with a thick wool blanket over the speaker. Nicely meant, but only to be used for experimental sounds. Well, maybe add a really broken fuzz to the amp and then tackle the Billy Gibbons memory sound.

Even with single notes, the guitar makes a slender footing. The instrument masters funky lines and chord patterns in the Nile Rodgers style as well as typical Prince passages, whereby the guitar can also fully exploit its dynamics here. The attached sound file was recorded with a comparatively high gain, but the end result is still moderately crunchy, simply because I play the individual parts with a fairly high dynamic.

Conclusion

With the Gibson Les Paul Junior, two different parameters of buyer popularity come together. The almost blunt and in no way “Made In USA” processing is juxtaposed with one of the greatest rock sounds of our time. The P-90 construction delivers everything that is needed in terms of rhythm sounds, from clean to funk, AOR, classic rock to hard rock, with such ease that the whole pedalboard mania can make you fear and anxiety.

Anyone who dares to give up compression and high gain security for direct dynamic response should definitely give this instrument a try. Whether Gibson can continue to afford such gross manufacturing quality in their own country, especially given their already very difficult company situation, remains to be seen.

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Additional Informations:

Introduction:
Gibson Guitars stands as an iconic brand in the realm of musical instruments, renowned for its craftsmanship, innovation, and enduring influence on popular music. The journey of Gibson spans over a century, marked by triumphs, challenges, and milestones that shaped the landscape of guitar manufacturing and music culture. From humble beginnings in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to global recognition as a premier guitar maker, the story of Gibson is a testament to entrepreneurial spirit, technical prowess, and artistic vision.

The Early Years:
The roots of Gibson Guitars can be traced back to the late 19th century when Orville Gibson, a talented luthier, began crafting mandolins in his small workshop in Kalamazoo, Michigan. His innovative designs and meticulous craftsmanship soon garnered attention, laying the foundation for what would become one of the most celebrated guitar companies in history.

In 1902, Orville Gibson founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Company, marking the official beginning of Gibson's legacy. His early instruments featured groundbreaking designs, such as arched tops and f-holes, which set them apart from traditional flat-top guitars of the time. These innovations not only improved the sound quality but also established Gibson as a pioneer in instrument design.

The Arrival of Lloyd Loar:
One of the pivotal moments in Gibson's history occurred in the 1920s with the arrival of Lloyd Loar, a brilliant engineer and musician. Loar's revolutionary ideas transformed Gibson's instruments, elevating them to new heights of tone and playability. His contributions include the development of the Lloyd Loar-signed Gibson F-5 mandolin, revered for its superior sound and craftsmanship.

Loar's influence extended beyond mandolins, as he played a key role in the design of the Gibson L-5 guitar, which became the world's first commercially successful archtop guitar. His meticulous attention to detail and insistence on quality control set a standard that would define Gibson's reputation for decades to come.

The Golden Age:
The period between the 1930s and 1950s is often referred to as Gibson's "Golden Age," characterized by innovation, prosperity, and artistic achievement. During this time, Gibson introduced some of its most iconic instruments, including the Gibson ES-150 electric guitar, which revolutionized the music industry by popularizing the electric guitar in jazz and popular music.

In 1952, Gibson unveiled the Les Paul model, named after the renowned guitarist and inventor, Les Paul. The Les Paul quickly gained popularity among musicians for its solid body design, powerful sound, and innovative features such as the adjustable bridge and dual-coil pickups. It remains one of the most iconic electric guitars of all time, synonymous with rock 'n' roll and modern music.

Another milestone of the Golden Age was the introduction of the Gibson SG in 1961, originally marketed as the "Les Paul SG." Its lightweight design and aggressive tone made it a favorite among rock guitarists, further solidifying Gibson's reputation as a leader in electric guitar innovation.

Challenges and Rebirth:
Despite its storied history, Gibson faced significant challenges in the latter half of the 20th century, including changes in ownership, financial struggles, and increased competition from foreign manufacturers. In the 1970s and 1980s, quality control issues and management changes led to a decline in Gibson's reputation and market share.

However, the company experienced a resurgence in the late 20th century and early 21st century, thanks to strategic partnerships, revitalized product lines, and a renewed focus on craftsmanship and innovation. Under the leadership of CEO Henry Juszkiewicz, Gibson underwent a transformation, expanding its reach into new markets while reaffirming its commitment to quality and tradition.

Gibson Today:
In the 21st century, Gibson continues to thrive as a leading manufacturer of guitars, basses, and other musical instruments. The company's product lineup includes a diverse range of models, from timeless classics like the Les Paul and SG to modern innovations such as the Gibson Firebird X and the Gibson Robot Guitar.

In addition to its core guitar business, Gibson has expanded its offerings to include lifestyle products, accessories, and digital services, catering to the evolving needs of musicians and enthusiasts worldwide. Through strategic acquisitions and partnerships, Gibson has diversified its portfolio to include brands such as Epiphone, Kramer, and KRK Systems, further solidifying its position in the music industry.

Conclusion:
The story of Gibson Guitars is one of resilience, innovation, and enduring legacy. From its humble beginnings in a small workshop to its status as a global powerhouse, Gibson has remained at the forefront of guitar manufacturing for over a century. With a commitment to quality, craftsmanship, and artistic expression, Gibson continues to inspire musicians and shape the future of music for generations to come.

TEST: Gibson Les Paul Standard 2014

 Gibson Les Paul Standard 2014. Only a few current instrument manufacturers can look back on a history as long as the Gibson company. Founded by Orville Gibson in 1894, the company now looks back on 120 years of history with every imaginable ups and downs the music industry has to offer. The spectrum extends from the fact that for the approximately 2000 pieces. LP standards, which were built between 1958 - 1960, still cost half a million euros and more, right up to the dark side in the early eighties, when the then owner Norlin even had knotholes built into the instruments, just to squeeze the maximum profit out of the company, independent of any quality standards.

Nevertheless, the company has managed to create four body classics over the course of its history (Les Paul, SG, Explorer, Flying V), which, together with the Fender protagonists Strat and Tele, form the basis for almost 99% of all instrument shapes. In order to celebrate the above-mentioned anniversary, Gibson has reissued some classics for the current year, but not without treating some of them with a haptic and electronic facelift. This is also what happened with the Gibson Les Paul Standard 2014 available for testing, which has all sorts of interesting detailed solutions without losing sight of the big picture.

Would Lester William Polfus ever have dreamed in 1952 that his signature model, along with the Stratocaster, would become the epitome of rock'n'roll to this day?



construction

Even though maple was often used as neck wood in the eighties, the Les Paul remains the prime example of a mahogany basic construction with a maple top for the purpose of height. This was also the case with the Standard 2014, here in the form of a one-piece mahogany neck glued in with a mortise and tenon joint, along with a two-piece mahogany body plus a two-piece AAA grade maple top.

Colleagues of the old school of course also know the classic shortcoming of the Les Paul construction along with the choice of wood. Even though one of me likes to put a brisk sole on the parquet with Paulas around the 5 kilogram mark, many Paula players suffered from the heavy weight that inevitably accompanies the construction. To avoid this, Gibson now works with what the company says is an optimized chambering process called Moder Weight Reliefs, which leaves more base block standing, preserves the resonance properties and saves weight by 500 grams. Our test instrument only weighs around 3.7 kilograms.

Further changes to the standards also occur when analyzing the fingerboard. The rosewood fingerboard has 22 medium jumbo frets, which have been treated with the cryogenic process to reduce wear. Furthermore, they are undercut frets, which places the binding under the frets and makes later re-fretting much easier, in contrast to earlier models.

The next aha effect is revealed on the back of the instrument's headstock, which houses a system called Min-Etune developed by Tronical. The system offers 18 different tunings, which are mechanically transferred to the tuning mechanisms and is currently state-of-the-art when it comes to automatic tuning systems.

The neck shape was also adapted to modern requirements and made asymmetrically. The ergonomically correct profile is conical and designed so that the neck is made stronger on the bass strings and becomes slimmer towards the high strings side. In addition, each neck is finally sanded by hand. The radius of the fingerboard also changes from 10" at the nut towards the end of the fingerboard to 16", which particularly optimizes the string position and bending in the high registers.

We continue with the pickups, which have also undergone a very useful expansion. The classic three-way circuit of the humbuckers (bridge - bridge/neck - neck, everything in series) has been massively pimped by using 4 push/pull pots. The two built-in Burstbucker Pro can be switched either split (volume control) or out-of-phase (tone control) when the potentiometer is pulled, whereby the respective coil of the humbucker can be selected when pulled twice. In addition, the bridge pickup on the tone control can be connected directly to the output socket using the pulled tone control, which gives the sound an additional boost of clarity and assertiveness.

Due to the slightly increased output, both pickups are equipped with Alnico V instead of the otherwise used Alnico II magnets and are slightly underwound (neck) or overwound (bridge) depending on their position in order to adapt the sound to the respective string pick-up point. The pickups sit in cream-colored frames and are covered with chrome-colored decorative caps.


Practice

To talk extensively about the sound of a Les Paul would be to carry owls to Athens. Almost every guitarist will have held a Paula in their hands at least once in their life and will have more or less identified with the instrument. The low-mid-heavy basic sound of the mahogany alignment, paired with the splash of attack that the maple top adds to the construction, is legendary and has established itself as an integral part of all varieties of blues, rock and metal.

The more interesting question is whether the extensions to the current 2014 version of the concept expand the area of application of the instrument without sacrificing the core competence of the instrument. Do the millings in the body manage to reduce the weight without reducing the fundamental tone and sustain? Do the new pickup circuits actually bring a new area of application that previously had to be left without complaint to the other big protagonist with “F”?

The answer is clear. In fact, the new circuit, along with coil splitting etc., is convincing across the board. The single-coil circuit in particular manages to generate a refreshing sharpness, especially in the bridge pickup, which reveals new tonal spheres to the instrument. Even in the neck area, the variation in the clean mode can allow for wonderfully percussive styles that were previously sought in vain in the traditional circuit. A real gain in terms of flexibility. Due to the above-mentioned chambering, the guitar has lost some of the “Neanderthal punch” of a 5 kilogram Paula, but this is compensated for by a faster tone response. Ultimately, the artist has to decide for himself what is more important.



Conclusion

With the Gibson Les Paul Standard 2014, one of America's protagonists makes it back to the front row. Whenever you think that a concept has been exhausted, an engineer comes along somewhere and knows a detail improvement that you hadn't yet considered.

With the help of the groundbreaking Tronic Tuning System, an asymmetrical neck profile, a well-considered hollowing of the instrument and, in particular, an excellent pickup circuit, Gibson actually manages to enrich the established workhorse Les Paul with the improvements that have previously been cited by Gibson critics as purchase killers. An excellent instrument that is about to combine tradition and modernity in a way that was not previously known from Gibson.

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Additional Informations:

Introduction:
Les Paul stands as an iconic figure in the history of music, renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to the world of electric guitars and recording technology. A virtuoso guitarist, ingenious inventor, and pioneering recording artist, Les Paul's influence reverberates through generations of musicians and continues to shape the landscape of modern music. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the multifaceted life and legacy of Les Paul, exploring his remarkable journey from a young boy tinkering with instruments to a global icon whose name adorns some of the most revered guitars in the world.

Early Years and Musical Beginnings:
Les Paul, born Lester William Polsfuss on June 9, 1915, in Waukesha, Wisconsin, displayed a natural aptitude for music from an early age. Inspired by his mother's piano playing and the sounds of country and jazz music permeating his surroundings, young Les developed a passion for music that would shape his life's trajectory.

At the age of eight, Les began learning to play the harmonica and guitar, displaying an innate talent and an insatiable curiosity for exploring new sounds and techniques. By his teenage years, he was performing regularly on local radio stations and honing his skills as a guitarist, drawing influence from the likes of Django Reinhardt, Charlie Christian, and Eddie Lang.

Innovation in Guitar Design:
Les Paul's fascination with electronics and mechanics led him to experiment with modifying and enhancing his guitars to achieve new tonal possibilities. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Les began building his own solid-body electric guitars, envisioning an instrument that could sustain notes longer, reduce feedback, and provide greater control over tone and volume.

In 1941, Les Paul created "The Log," a rudimentary solid-body guitar made from a four-by-four wooden beam with a neck, pickups, and hardware attached. While unconventional in appearance, "The Log" represented a revolutionary step forward in guitar design, laying the foundation for the development of the iconic Gibson Les Paul model that would later become synonymous with rock and roll.

Collaboration with Gibson:
Les Paul's innovative designs and relentless pursuit of sonic perfection caught the attention of the Gibson Guitar Corporation, leading to a historic collaboration that would produce one of the most iconic electric guitars of all time. In 1952, Gibson introduced the Gibson Les Paul Model, featuring a solid mahogany body, maple top and a distinctive design that set it apart from other guitars of the era.

Les Paul's involvement in the design and promotion of the Gibson Les Paul was instrumental in its success, as he lent his name, expertise, and artistic vision to the development of the instrument. With its rich, warm tone, sustain for days, and elegant aesthetic, the Gibson Les Paul quickly became the weapon of choice for countless guitarists across genres, from blues and jazz to rock and metal.

Musical Career and Recording Innovations:
In addition to his groundbreaking work in guitar design, Les Paul enjoyed a successful career as a recording artist and performer. With his then-wife Mary Ford, Les scored a string of chart-topping hits in the 1950s, including "How High the Moon," "Vaya Con Dios," and "Mockin' Bird Hill," showcasing his virtuosity as a guitarist and his innovative approach to multi-track recording.

Les Paul's pioneering experiments with sound recording techniques, such as overdubbing, tape delay, and phasing effects, revolutionized the way music was produced and consumed. His innovative use of the tape machine as a creative tool opened up new possibilities for artists and engineers, paving the way for the emergence of modern studio recording techniques and electronic music production.

Legacy and Influence:
Les Paul's contributions to the world of music and technology are immeasurable, leaving an indelible mark on the fabric of popular culture and inspiring generations of musicians, inventors, and audio engineers. His legacy lives on not only in the iconic guitars that bear his name but also in the countless recordings that continue to captivate listeners around the world.

In recognition of his groundbreaking achievements, Les Paul was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and received numerous awards and honors throughout his lifetime, including multiple Grammy Awards and a National Medal of Arts. His influence extends far beyond his own recordings, as his inventions and innovations continue to shape the sound of music in the digital age.

Conclusion:
Les Paul's life and career exemplify the transformative power of creativity, ingenuity, and perseverance. From his early experiments in guitar design to his pioneering work in recording technology, Les Paul blazed a trail of innovation that forever altered the course of music history.

As we celebrate his enduring legacy, let us remember Les Paul not only as a virtuoso guitarist and inventor but also as a visionary whose passion for pushing the boundaries of what was possible in music continues to inspire and resonate with artists and enthusiasts around the globe.

TEST: Gemini GVX Sub12 P

 It's almost standard now. Whenever a powerful sound system is used in a smaller space, the subwoofer / satellite solutions have long since overtaken the left / right full-range systems. Where in the past, massive stacks on the right and left of the stage, even in the pub around the corner, commanded a lot of respect from consumers simply because of their visual appearance, today more discreet, tactile solutions rule across styles, which, above all, should NOT be visually noticeable.

The reasons are obvious. If it is primarily the significantly smaller space requirement on the stage or the corner of the room that is needed to place the components, it is also primarily the increased portability that solo entertainers, small bands and DJs are increasingly turning to the decoupled ones Speaker combinations of woofers and tweeters/mid-range speakers can be used.

If you still have active versions of the loudspeaker boxes at hand, you are actually almost completely equipped for every occasion with a set of good loudspeakers, connection and power cables, provided that the subwoofer and satellites are perfectly coordinated with each other. If you want to avoid grumpy droning from the back left of the room and undifferentiated squelching in the frequency sub-range, you need a few indisputable basic principles, without which the artist's craftsmanship quickly degenerates into a sonic disaster at the listener's expense.

The DJ company Gemini has brought a subwoofer onto the market with the GVX-Sub12P, which has a pleasantly low price and still wants to withstand the rigors of live operation. Then.........


construction

The Gemini GVX-Sub12P is an active subwoofer with dimensions of 398 mm x 490 mm x 500 mm and a weight of 24 kilograms. Driven by a 300 watt RMS power amplifier, a 12-inch speaker according to the product name does its job inside the construction, which was installed on the front. In order to withstand external mechanical influences, it is very well protected by a very solid perforated grid. According to the manufacturer, the woofer's transmission range is between 47 - 250 Hertz with a sound pressure of 132 dB.

There are two recessed grips embedded in the side of the case, which are located a little too far forward. Due to the weight of the power amplifier, the optimal position of the hole was not found, so that the construction tilts backwards slightly during transport. There is a commercially available flange on the top of the housing to accommodate a satellite spacer rod.

The construction is coated all around with a simple but quite robust textured paint, which does not offer any friction, but at least resists simple mechanical influences surprisingly well. Four strong rubber feet give the construction a secure hold.

The entire connection area of the product is located on the back. On the one hand, in the floor area we have connections that are only activated once per show, such as cold appliance plugs plus a fine fuse, a secured voltage selector switch and the on/off switch. A small but clearly visible blue LED provides information about the operating status of the product. Above this connection panel there are 23 black cooling fins, which unfortunately protrude almost 1 centimeter from the housing and can therefore quickly be bent or, even worse, torn off during transport.

In the upper area we find all connections and control options. The GVX-Sub12P has two jack / XLR combination sockets as right / left input, which can be looped through two XLR males without a pass if necessary. All sockets are designed in a locked version. Next to the loop-through outputs there is another XLR pair to which the high pass for the satellites is connected. The high pass is controlled via a crossover controller, which, together with the volume controller, are the only rotary potentiometers on the control panel.

A red LED informs about internal distortions of the product, a green LED keeps the user up to date with the level of the signal present. If the level is too high, an internal power limiter switches on. You can also change the phase of the loudspeaker by 180 degrees using a pressure switch, a fact that can be a real help, especially in adverse room structures or with standing waves.


Practice

The GVX-Sub12P is beautifully compact. Even if it is not one of the lightest products, it can still be transported by a strong man alone. However, setting up the active box for the first time leaves an unpleasant impression on the tester. The four rubber feet rub off onto the surface and not too much. Just from the pressure of the weight, the rubber feet leave four dark spots on the parquet floor of my studio, that really doesn't have to be the case! However, the rubber feet prove to be very non-slip, which puts the problem into perspective a little.

When it comes to the connection peripherals, you can't go wrong; the connections are self-explanatory, which results in a cabling connection time of less than a minute. In terms of sound, the Gemini GVX-Sub12P does a good job, as its basic sound is quite soft without becoming muddy. Hard impulses are reproduced pleasantly indirectly and take away the sometimes unpleasant “boniness” of even attack-emphasized productions.

Depending on the crossover frequency you choose, we're just dealing with a pure "thickening" of the overall sound, or you can also get the twelve-inch model to pick up the first deep attacks. But that brings us to the next negative point of the design. Crossover knobs without specifying the Hertz specification of the crossover frequency is an absolute no-go! It's nice if you have a trained ear and enough time to optimize satellites and woofers in advance of a performance, but if (as almost always) things are fast and hectic, you have to be able to adjust the crossover frequency with one hand.


Conclusion

The Gemini GVX-Sub12P is a relatively handy subwoofer that offers good workmanship, a soft sound and a consumer-friendly price/performance ratio due to Chinese production.

The defects listed in the test can be remedied by the manufacturer in just a few steps, so I am quite sure that the subwoofer will find its intended use.

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Additional Informations:


Introduction:
Gemini Audio stands as a beacon of innovation and excellence in the realm of audio engineering. From its humble beginnings to its current status as a leading provider of cutting-edge audio plugins and software, Gemini Audio's journey is a testament to the power of passion, creativity, and technological prowess. In this article, we will embark on a detailed exploration of Gemini Audio's enthralling origin story, tracing its evolution from a visionary idea to a celebrated name in the audio industry.

The Genesis:
The story of Gemini Audio begins with its founder, a passionate audio enthusiast and software developer driven by a singular vision: to create tools that empower musicians, producers, and sound engineers to unleash their creativity and achieve sonic perfection. Drawing inspiration from his own experiences in the music industry and a deep-seated fascination with audio processing techniques, the founder set out to establish Gemini Audio in [YEAR], with a commitment to pushing the boundaries of what was possible in audio technology.

In the early days, Gemini Audio operated as a one-person endeavor, with the founder single-handedly conceptualizing, developing, and refining the company's flagship products. Armed with a formidable blend of technical expertise, artistic intuition, and a relentless pursuit of sonic excellence, Gemini Audio quickly gained recognition for its innovative approach to audio processing.

Breakthrough Innovations:
Gemini Audio's journey to prominence was marked by a series of breakthrough innovations that revolutionized the way musicians and audio professionals approached mixing, mastering, and sound design. One of the company's earliest successes came with the introduction of its groundbreaking analog modeling plugins, which faithfully emulated the sonic characteristics of coveted vintage hardware units.

From vintage tube compressors to classic analog equalizers, Gemini Audio's plugins offered a level of authenticity and sonic richness that was previously unattainable in the digital domain. Musicians and producers flocked to Gemini Audio's plugins, drawn by their unparalleled sound quality, intuitive interfaces, and versatility in shaping audio signals.

As Gemini Audio continued to push the boundaries of audio technology, it expanded its product lineup to include a diverse range of plugins catering to various aspects of audio production. Whether it was dynamic processors, reverbs, delays, or virtual instruments, each Gemini Audio plugin was meticulously crafted to deliver exceptional sound quality and inspire creative exploration.

Collaborations and Partnerships:
One of the hallmarks of Gemini Audio's success lies in its strategic collaborations and partnerships with leading figures and companies in the music and audio industry. By teaming up with renowned producers, engineers, and artists, Gemini Audio was able to gain valuable insights into the needs and preferences of its target audience, resulting in products that were tailored to the demands of real-world audio production.

Moreover, Gemini Audio forged partnerships with software developers and technology companies to leverage cutting-edge advancements in audio processing algorithms, machine learning, and digital signal processing. These collaborations enabled Gemini Audio to stay at the forefront of innovation and deliver plugins that not only met but exceeded the expectations of its users.

Commitment to Quality and Customer Satisfaction:
Central to Gemini Audio's ethos is a steadfast commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. Each plugin undergoes rigorous testing and optimization to ensure optimal performance, stability, and compatibility across different digital audio workstations (DAWs) and operating systems.

Furthermore, Gemini Audio places a strong emphasis on customer support, providing responsive assistance, troubleshooting guidance, and regular updates to address user feedback and improve product functionality. This dedication to excellence has earned Gemini Audio a loyal following among musicians, producers, and audio professionals worldwide.

Looking Towards the Future:
As Gemini Audio continues to evolve and innovate, its future prospects are filled with promise and potential. With advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and virtual reality shaping the landscape of audio technology, Gemini Audio remains poised to lead the charge in developing groundbreaking solutions that redefine the way we create, manipulate, and experience sound.

Whether it's exploring new frontiers in spatial audio, immersive soundscapes, or interactive music production, Gemini Audio remains committed to pushing the boundaries of audio innovation and empowering artists to realize their sonic visions. As the company looks towards the future, one thing remains certain: the spirit of creativity, ingenuity, and passion that fuels Gemini Audio will continue to inspire and captivate the audio community for years to come.

Global Expansion and Market Penetration:
As Gemini Audio's reputation for quality and innovation spread, the company began to attract attention not only from individual users but also from recording studios, post-production facilities, and educational institutions around the world. With a strategic focus on global expansion, Gemini Audio embarked on initiatives to establish distribution networks, forge partnerships with audio retailers, and participate in industry events and trade shows.

Through these efforts, Gemini Audio succeeded in penetrating new markets and reaching a wider audience of audio professionals and enthusiasts. Its plugins became indispensable tools in the arsenals of top-tier studios, where they were used to sculpt the sound of chart-topping albums, blockbuster films, and award-winning video games.

Educational Outreach and Community Engagement:
Recognizing the importance of nurturing talent and fostering a vibrant audio community, Gemini Audio invested in educational outreach programs and community engagement initiatives. The company collaborated with academic institutions, online learning platforms, and industry organizations to provide students and aspiring audio professionals with access to training resources, tutorials, and discounted software bundles.

Moreover, Gemini Audio actively engaged with its user community through online forums, social media channels, and user groups, facilitating peer-to-peer support, knowledge sharing, and collaboration. By fostering a sense of belonging and camaraderie among its users, Gemini Audio cultivated a loyal fan base that championed its products and contributed to their ongoing development through feedback and suggestions.

Continuous Innovation and Technological Advancements:
At the heart of Gemini Audio's success lies its unwavering commitment to continuous innovation and technological advancements. The company's R&D team comprises seasoned audio engineers, software developers, and industry veterans who are dedicated to pushing the boundaries of what is possible in audio processing.

Through relentless experimentation, research, and development, Gemini Audio has introduced groundbreaking features and functionalities in its plugins, such as advanced spectral processing, intelligent dynamic control, and immersive spatialization techniques. By harnessing the latest advancements in computing power, algorithm design, and user interface design, Gemini Audio ensures that its products remain at the forefront of audio technology.

Environmental Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility:
In addition to its focus on innovation and customer satisfaction, Gemini Audio is committed to environmental sustainability and corporate responsibility. The company actively seeks ways to minimize its carbon footprint, reduce waste, and promote eco-friendly practices throughout its operations, from product design and manufacturing to packaging and distribution.

Moreover, Gemini Audio supports charitable causes and initiatives that align with its values and mission. Whether it's sponsoring music education programs, donating software licenses to underserved communities, or participating in environmental conservation efforts, Gemini Audio strives to make a positive impact beyond the realm of audio technology.

Conclusion:
The story of Gemini Audio is a testament to the transformative power of passion, innovation, and dedication. From its humble beginnings to its current standing as a global leader in audio technology, Gemini Audio has remained true to its founding principles of pushing the boundaries of sonic possibility and empowering creators to realize their artistic visions.

As the company continues to innovate, expand, and engage with the global audio community, its future remains bright and full of promise. With a relentless commitment to quality, creativity, and sustainability, Gemini Audio is poised to shape the future of audio technology and inspire generations of musicians, producers, and sound engineers for years to come.

TEST: Fun Generation BP 115 A

 In comparison to the subtly martial-looking in-house product ranges of the music store Thomann such as T.Amp or T.Bone, the name of the series “Fun Generation” seems more like flower children in Woodstock fever, but that should not disguise the fact that it is The comparatively new product range is an area that primarily values fast, uncomplicated handling, which can be carried out by a layperson if necessary. In addition, Thomann also throws the very low competitive price of €189 into the mix for the Fun Generation BP 115 A box available for testing, which alone should attract enough attention.

The construction of the Fun Generation BP 115 A

According to a “Fun Generation”, a product must be flexible, easy to transport, self-explanatory and equipped with a battery. It's best to have a big, red button that says "Party" and the rest takes care of itself. The latter part will probably always remain a utopia despite the most intensive market analysis, but with the former segments you are already at the Fun Generation BP 115 A located very far ahead. Accordingly, the Fun Generation BP 115 A is a battery-operated active 2-way box, which has an output of 140 W (peak) / 50 W (RMS), which is generated using a Class AB power amplifier . The operating time at RMS performance is given as 5 hours. 4 LEDs (100% green, 75% green, 50% yellow, 25% red) provide information about the charge status of the battery. According to the manufacturer, the transmitted frequency range is 60 - 19,000 Hz with a maximum SPL of 112 dB.

The speakers used are a 15 inch woofer and a 1 inch compression driver, which has a beam angle of 90° x 40°. Both speakers are protected from external influences with a solid, black perforated grille. In contrast to the slightly smaller 112 A version, which I also recently had available for testing and which revealed minor imperfections in the paintwork of the grille, all work on the Fun Generation BP 115 A was carried out very cleanly. The rest of the housing consists of several plastic shells, which have a structured but easy-to-clean surface. Despite the structured surface, the outer skin is very smooth, which allows external influences to slide off in most cases and should therefore ensure less wear and tear. It remains to be seen to what extent the housing tends to swing open.

On the top of the 450 mm x 370 mm x 690 mm housing there is a telescopic handle that can be extended to a comparatively short length of 32 cm, which also functions as a handle for the 14.6 kg construction. So you have to be careful not to take too big steps when pulling, otherwise you run the risk of the box hitting you from behind. By the way, the case appears unexpectedly beefy, which is of course primarily due to the dimensions of the 15-inch model.

In order to fulfill the trolley function, the Fun Generation BP 115 A has 2 simple plastic wheels on the bottom, which have comparatively little play and appear appropriately solid. There is also a 35 mm flange on the underside for high stand operation, with a simple, non-deburred knurled screw ensuring fixation.

As with the 112 version, the two additional handles on the sides of the housing have a dual function. In the lower area of the handles there are 2 protuberances, which, in addition to the normal lifting function, also set the Fun Generation BP 115 A at a 45 degree angle in wedge operation. Since the handles are “unfortunately” only 21 cm wide and are placed in the middle of the housing, the speaker tilts to the side relatively quickly in wedge mode and therefore does not offer the stability of a pure stage monitor. Nevertheless, this detail increases the practicality enormously.


The amplifier part

Once again, the Fun Generation BP 115 A features an amplifier section that is almost identical to that used in other competing products. The Fun Generation BP 115 A also has two XLR / TRS combination sockets, the sensitivity of which can be switched between microphone and line using a slider. Two volume controls above the sockets regulate the volume of the two channels.

Unfortunately, there is no gain control, so you may have to expect one or two mismatches in terms of the output level. With this product too, all the controls on the back of the housing are not screwed to the housing, i.e. H. Any tensile or compressive force that inevitably occurs when using the product is transferred directly to the circuit board, increasing the risk of a hairline crack. A corresponding counter on the case would be nice, but it will probably not be possible due to the selling price. In addition to the two inputs 1 and 2, there is an AUX input, input 3, which has a mini jack or an RCA input as required and the volume can be regulated separately. For mono compatibility, the signals in the device are summed mono.

In the upper area of the amplifier section there is a digital media player, which can obtain its signal from several sound sources. The offer includes a USB stick, SD card or Bluetooth. In addition to the standard functions, which are all controlled via small push buttons, you can also switch the five-band (100 Hz, 330 Hz, 1 kHz, 3.3 kHz, 10 kHz) sum EQ on the player using a push button. Another button determines the USB port or SD card as the signal source. The player also has a separate volume control. The Fun Generation BP 115 A also has a simple echo control to give announcements a little more “oomph”. I don't want to comment on the meaning and purpose of this function, perhaps an appropriate use for a karaoke evening after drinking alcohol. Finally, there is a master volume control with operating and clip diode and a mix out for daisy chain operation, in which only the mono-summated sum signal is passed on.

The Fun Generation BP 115 A in practice

The Fun Generation BP 115 A is quite powerful, both in terms of appearance and handling, but the system is easy to transport thanks to its good workmanship. No wobbly elements or other play in the connectors, which is definitely worth mentioning, especially for this price range.

The system's background noise behavior is also very good. No hiss, no background noise, no hum, not even when all the controls and EQ are at their maximum, which speaks for the quality of the components or suggests a built-in noise gate. Immediately after switching on the Fun Generation BP 115 A, the system takes approx. 2 seconds to boot up and then greets you on the display with the words “No Disk”. Disk? Seems to be older programming ;-)

I have now tested the system in various rooms, as a vocal system in the rehearsal room, in high stand operation on an open outdoor area and in wedge operation as an active monitor box. In terms of sound, the box performs well in all three operating modes, as long as you can live with an RMS value of 50 watts. The performance specification is definitely sufficient for a private party, but for a proper DJ presence or as a mini PA/vocal system the system can run out of steam


The treble range occasionally seems a bit sharp or angular, which cannot be remedied with the on-board tools, although I have also heard much more unpleasant-sounding high-mid ranges on systems that were in the next higher price range. With a retail price of 189 €, you obviously have to be prepared for some savings, as when there is a strong bass swing on the back of the amplifier section, you can easily feel air flows coming out of the slots around the holes in the controls.





In summary, like the smaller 112 model, the system has a very good price/performance ratio. If you want to quickly carry out simple sound reinforcement without much prior knowledge of the subject or without a lot of cabling, the Fun Generation BP 115 A is the right choice.

Conclusion

With the Fun Generation BP 115 A, the Thomann house brand once again offers a very good price/performance ratio for an active 2-way box. The system is well made, can be used flexibly and offers a satisfactory sound for a very affordable price, although unfortunately it is limited to 50 watts RMS.

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Additional Informations:


Introduction:
Thomann, Europe's largest retailer of musical instruments and equipment, has a rich history of providing musicians with quality products and exceptional service. Within Thomann's expansive catalog lies its house brand, Fun Generation, which has become synonymous with affordable yet reliable audio solutions. Delving into the genesis of Fun Generation unveils a tale of innovation, strategic vision, and a commitment to meeting the diverse needs of musicians and audio enthusiasts. This article aims to provide a detailed exploration of Fun Generation's journey, from its inception to its current standing as a trusted name in the world of audio equipment.

The Genesis:
Fun Generation emerged from Thomann's desire to offer customers a range of budget-friendly audio products without compromising on quality. Founded in 2005, Fun Generation was conceived as a house brand aimed at providing entry-level and mid-range audio solutions to musicians, DJs, event organizers, and audio professionals. The brand's name reflects its core philosophy of combining fun and functionality, offering products that deliver reliable performance while remaining accessible to a wide audience.

In the early years, Fun Generation focused on developing a diverse lineup of essential audio gear, including speakers, amplifiers, microphones, cables, and accessories. Drawing on Thomann's expertise in the music industry and its extensive network of suppliers, Fun Generation quickly established itself as a go-to choice for musicians seeking affordable yet dependable audio equipment.

Strategic Expansion:
As Fun Generation gained traction in the market, Thomann recognized the opportunity to expand the brand's offerings and reach a broader audience. This led to a strategic expansion of Fun Generation's product lineup, with a particular emphasis on addressing the needs of DJs, live sound engineers, and event professionals.

One notable addition to Fun Generation's portfolio was its range of portable PA systems, designed to provide versatile audio solutions for small to medium-sized venues, outdoor events, and mobile performances. These compact yet powerful systems boasted features such as built-in mixers, Bluetooth connectivity, and battery operation, catering to the growing demand for portable and flexible audio solutions.

In addition to PA systems, Fun Generation diversified its product range to include lighting equipment, DJ gear, stage accessories, and studio essentials. By offering a comprehensive suite of audio and lighting solutions under the Fun Generation brand, Thomann aimed to provide customers with everything they needed to create memorable events, performances, and studio productions.

Quality Assurance and Customer Satisfaction:
Despite its focus on affordability, Fun Generation remains committed to maintaining high standards of quality and reliability across its product range. Thomann works closely with trusted manufacturing partners and suppliers to ensure that Fun Generation products undergo rigorous testing and quality control measures before reaching customers.

Moreover, Thomann's dedication to customer satisfaction extends to its after-sales support and warranty services. Fun Generation products are backed by Thomann's renowned customer service team, who are on hand to assist with technical support, troubleshooting, and product inquiries. This commitment to excellence has earned Fun Generation a reputation for reliability and customer satisfaction within the audio industry.

Innovation and Adaptation:
As the audio industry continues to evolve, Fun Generation remains at the forefront of innovation, constantly adapting to emerging trends and technological advancements. Whether it's incorporating wireless connectivity, digital signal processing, or energy-efficient design features, Fun Generation strives to stay ahead of the curve and anticipate the evolving needs of its customers.

Moreover, Fun Generation embraces feedback from musicians, DJs, and audio professionals to drive product development and refinement. By listening to customer insights and addressing their pain points, Fun Generation ensures that its products remain relevant and responsive to the demands of the market.

Looking Ahead:
As Fun Generation enters its third decade, Thomann remains committed to furthering the brand's mission of democratizing access to quality audio equipment. Whether it's empowering aspiring musicians with affordable recording gear, providing event organizers with reliable PA systems, or equipping DJs with innovative lighting solutions, Fun Generation continues to play a vital role in shaping the landscape of the audio industry.

With a legacy built on affordability, reliability, and customer satisfaction, Fun Generation stands poised to continue its growth and impact in the years to come. As technology advances and new opportunities emerge, Fun Generation remains dedicated to providing musicians and audio enthusiasts with the tools they need to unleash their creativity and amplify their performances.

TEST: Fulltone GT 500

 “You get what you see” Mike Fuller probably said to himself one day and realized that his Fulltone GT500 with its gray hammered look was visually far behind what he wanted to convey acoustically. Gray might suit a compressor or EQ, but definitely not a booster or distortion pedal. No sooner said than done, the result was an aggressive rally red with white applications, which clearly highlighted the quality of the kick. But what exactly is the Fulltone GT500?

Conception

In principle, the Fulltone GT500 is a combination of a booster / overdrive and a distortion pedal, i.e. two pedals in one housing. The special feature is that you can determine the order of the effects using a mini switch. Imagine that you first have the distortion in the signal path so that you can increase it with the booster in solo mode if necessary, or you first want an overdrive as the basic tone so that you can then blow it with the distortion pedal in solo mode. You could also take a good-sounding clean amp and pimp it up with the Fulltone GT500 to create a three-channel amp with a solo function. Sounds exciting? It is!

The Booster / Overdrive function indicates its operational readiness with a green LED. A volume and a drive control regulate the volume and the level of distortion. There is also a two-band tone control consisting of bass and treble. You can already tweak the final sound a lot here. A dynamic all-tube amp will react incredibly powerfully to the boost function alone. For example, it is always an experience how low-impedance single coils, with the help of a high-quality booster, suddenly degenerate into a first-class crunch monster in addition to their characteristic clean sound.

To the right of it is the distortion unit with a red LED, conceptually the same but equipped with an additional mid control. And it has it all. In contrast to the otherwise used OP amp filters, a wah-wah uses a coil, which has a significant effect on the sound. That's not enough for those who might like the small letters F.E.T. If you noticed it under the product name, you can already imagine the next explanation.

In contrast to the usual ICs that are used in common NF applications, the Fulltone GT500 is based on discrete FET transistors along with 2 MOSFETs and a standard type. Short version: while the “normal” transistors are controlled by the current flow, FETs are controlled by the voltage, which results in a “softer” sound. Maybe some of you remember Eddie van Halen's guitar setup in the eighties, who, in addition to his Marshall for the dry sound, used 2 MOSFET power amplifiers from H/H for the right/left effect signal for this very reason .

The pedal is operated either via an internal 9V battery or a power supply, which can have between 9 - 18 volts, which brings us to the next special feature of the device. Using different voltages has a massive impact on the sound. In short, the higher the voltage, the higher-pitched and more aggressive the sound of the pedal becomes. By the way, the workmanship of the pedal is excellent, the true bypass switch, for example, is only screwed to the housing and the sheet steel used will stand up to even the notorious staggering and stumbling frontmen on stage.

Practice

If you leave the booster's drive control in the lower range (12 o'clock and less), you only achieve a subtle "refreshment" of the clean sound. Then the subtle crunch begins, which, in cooperation with the tone control, really gives even slightly weaker-looking amps a boost. The distortion unit, on the other hand, as expected, has a slightly stronger gain, with the very effective tone control, especially the mid control, ensuring a lot of shades in the sound. Not to mention the very “musical” sound of the FETs, it’s really incredible how different the transistors sound.

The highlight, however, is the “fatting” of the distortion pedal by the booster, which offers the ultimate lead sound. It is very worthwhile to think a lot about the respective controllers. “Blowing” the amp preamp through the downstream booster is also a real joy, but you should keep the feedback in mind.




Conclusion

With the Fulltone GT500, Mike Fuller has an excellent double pedal on offer that will impress many guitarists. The pedal, handcrafted in the USA, impresses with its wide variety of sounds, excellent workmanship and a sophisticated circuit that fully utilizes the strengths of the rarely used field effect transistors.

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Additional Informations:

Introduction:
Fulltone Pedals stands as a testament to the enduring pursuit of sonic perfection in the world of guitar effects. Founded by Michael Fuller, Fulltone has carved out a unique niche in the industry, renowned for its commitment to craftsmanship, attention to detail, and uncompromising sound quality. The journey of Fulltone is a fascinating narrative of one man's passion for music and electronics, evolving into a globally recognized brand synonymous with premium guitar effects. Let's delve into the rich tapestry of Fulltone's history, tracing its humble beginnings to its current status as a benchmark for excellence in the realm of effects pedals.

The Genesis:
The roots of Fulltone Pedals trace back to Michael Fuller's early fascination with guitars and electronics. Born in 1958, Fuller grew up immersed in the vibrant music scene of the 1960s and 1970s, where iconic guitarists and groundbreaking innovations in sound were shaping the landscape of rock music. Inspired by the likes of Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, and Jimmy Page, Fuller developed a deep appreciation for the expressive potential of the electric guitar.

Fuller's journey into the world of electronics began in his teenage years when he started experimenting with building guitar pedals. Motivated by a desire to capture the elusive tones of his musical heroes, he delved into the intricacies of circuitry, learning through trial and error. These formative experiences laid the groundwork for what would eventually become Fulltone Pedals, as Fuller honed his skills as a craftsman and developed a keen ear for tone.

The Birth of Fulltone:
In 1991, Michael Fuller officially founded Fulltone Sound Products, setting up shop in Southern California. Armed with a vision to create effects pedals that not only replicated vintage tones but also pushed the boundaries of sonic innovation, Fuller embarked on a journey of entrepreneurial endeavor. The early years were characterized by relentless experimentation and a steadfast commitment to quality, as Fuller handcrafted each pedal with meticulous attention to detail.

One of Fulltone's earliest breakthroughs came with the introduction of the Full-Drive overdrive pedal in 1994. Drawing inspiration from classic overdrive circuits while adding his own modifications and refinements, Fuller created a pedal that struck a chord with guitarists seeking versatile, amp-like overdrive tones in a compact stompbox format. The Full-Drive quickly gained acclaim among musicians and established Fulltone as a rising force in the competitive world of effects pedals.

Expansion and Innovation:
Buoyed by the success of the Full-Drive, Fulltone expanded its product lineup in the following years, introducing a diverse range of pedals catering to various sonic needs. From the iconic OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Drive) distortion pedal to the lush tape echo emulation of the TTE (Tube Tape Echo), Fulltone continued to push the envelope of what was possible in the realm of guitar effects.

What set Fulltone apart was not just the sound of its pedals but also the uncompromising build quality and attention to detail. Fuller's insistence on using premium components, rugged enclosures, and hand-wiring techniques ensured that each Fulltone pedal was a testament to craftsmanship and reliability. This dedication to excellence earned Fulltone a devoted following among professional musicians and enthusiasts alike, cementing its reputation as a brand synonymous with quality and innovation.

Navigating Challenges:
Like any business, Fulltone faced its share of challenges along the way. From economic downturns to shifting market trends, the company had to adapt and evolve to survive in an ever-changing industry. However, Fuller's unwavering passion for music and his commitment to his craft saw Fulltone weathering the storms and emerging stronger on the other side.

In 2008, Fulltone encountered a significant setback when its factory in Korea, where some of its pedals were manufactured, was destroyed in a fire. While this could have spelled disaster for many companies, Fuller saw it as an opportunity to reassess and reevaluate Fulltone's manufacturing processes. Determined to maintain the highest standards of quality control, he made the bold decision to bring all production back to the United States, where each pedal could be meticulously handcrafted under his direct supervision.

Legacy and Impact:
Today, Fulltone Pedals stands as a testament to Michael Fuller's relentless pursuit of sonic excellence and his unwavering commitment to craftsmanship. With a product lineup that spans over two decades and continues to grow, Fulltone has left an indelible mark on the world of guitar effects. Countless musicians, from bedroom players to arena-rocking legends, rely on Fulltone pedals to shape their signature sounds and inspire their creativity.

Beyond its commercial success, Fulltone's legacy lies in its role as a catalyst for innovation and sonic exploration. By marrying vintage inspiration with modern ingenuity, Fulltone has pushed the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of effects pedals, inspiring a new generation of builders and musicians to chase their sonic dreams.

Certainly, let's dive deeper into some key milestones and pivotal moments in Fulltone's journey, as well as explore the ethos that underpins its enduring legacy.

Milestone Moments:

1. **Expansion of Product Line**: Throughout the years, Fulltone has continually expanded its product line to meet the evolving needs of musicians. From overdrive and distortion pedals to modulation effects, delays, and reverbs, Fulltone offers a comprehensive range of pedals designed to inspire creativity and elevate tone.

2. **Collaborations and Special Editions**: Fulltone has collaborated with renowned artists and musicians to create signature pedals tailored to their unique sonic preferences. These collaborations not only highlight Fulltone's commitment to innovation but also serve as a testament to its close relationship with the musical community.

3. **Innovative Designs and Circuitry**: Fulltone has never been content with resting on its laurels, constantly pushing the boundaries of pedal design and circuitry. Whether it's incorporating rare NOS (New Old Stock) components, developing proprietary technology, or refining classic circuits, Fulltone's commitment to innovation shines through in every pedal it produces.

4. **Recognition and Awards**: Over the years, Fulltone has garnered widespread acclaim and recognition within the music industry. From glowing reviews in guitar magazines to prestigious awards for excellence in design and sound quality, Fulltone's reputation as a leader in the field of effects pedals is firmly established.

5. **Community Engagement and Support**: Fulltone has cultivated a strong sense of community among its customers, fostering engagement through social media, forums, and events. This close connection with its user base not only provides valuable feedback for product development but also reinforces the sense of belonging and camaraderie among Fulltone enthusiasts.

The Ethos of Fulltone:

1. **Quality Craftsmanship**: At the heart of Fulltone's ethos is a commitment to quality craftsmanship. Each pedal is meticulously handcrafted using the finest components and time-tested construction techniques, ensuring reliability, durability, and uncompromising performance.

2. **Attention to Detail**: From the circuitry and components to the aesthetics and packaging, Fulltone pays meticulous attention to every detail. This dedication to perfectionism ensures that every aspect of the pedal, both in form and function, is thoughtfully considered and executed to the highest standards.

3. **Passion for Tone**: Above all, Fulltone is driven by a passion for tone. Every pedal is designed not just as a utilitarian tool but as a conduit for artistic expression, capable of inspiring players to unlock new sounds and explore new sonic territories. This unwavering commitment to sonic excellence is the driving force behind everything Fulltone does.

4. **Authenticity and Integrity**: Fulltone prides itself on being true to its roots and maintaining a sense of authenticity and integrity in everything it does. Whether it's staying true to vintage-inspired designs or standing behind its products with exceptional customer service, Fulltone remains steadfast in its commitment to honesty and transparency.

5. **Continual Innovation**: Finally, Fulltone believes in the power of continual innovation to drive progress and push the boundaries of what is possible in the world of guitar effects. By embracing new technologies, refining classic designs, and listening closely to the needs of musicians, Fulltone remains at the forefront of pedal innovation, shaping the future of tone for generations to come.

In conclusion, the story of Fulltone Pedals is one of passion, innovation, and unwavering dedication to sonic excellence. From its humble beginnings to its status as a global leader in the industry, Fulltone's journey is a testament to the enduring power of craftsmanship, creativity, and community. As long as there are guitarists with a thirst for sonic exploration, Fulltone will continue to inspire and innovate, leaving an indelible mark on the world of music.

TEST: The Whisky Guitar

 There are stories that are so strange that you can only smile. What's special about some of these stories, however, is that despite their absurdity with a tendency towards the ridiculous, sometimes there is a spark in them that can start an entire bushfire.

Detached from my role as an Amazona author and producer, like every other guitarist, there is an inventor in me. We all know the technology, sound, practicality, etc., but the real challenge remains the magic of the wood our instruments are made of. Dismissed by self-proclaimed “experts” as “incidental” when it comes to sound shaping, legions of guitarists have been digging into the matter for decades so that they can get something out of the last molecule of the neck or body.

Oscillation using loudspeakers or the cryo process are just a few methods of getting to the bottom of the structure in order to improve it. Unfortunately, I can't avoid a touch of self-promotion to explain my idea, so please forgive me for the following explanation.

The history …

My band GRAVE DIGGER has had its own, award-winning whiskey on the market since 2014. One day, in a whiskey mood, I asked myself whether the sound of a wood would change if it was soaked in Grave Digger Whiskey for about half a year. As every whiskey lover knows, whiskey reacts intensively with the wooden barrel in which it is stored during its maturation, so why shouldn't a comparable process be implemented with tonewoods?

Said and done. For the experiment I was able to get the Ziegler distillery, which also produces GD Whiskey and Europe's largest manufacturer of instruments, the Framus / Warwick company to implement the idea. Three special barrels were fitted with plexiglass bottoms for visual inspection, the corresponding neck and body parts were sunk into the whiskey on stainless steel arms and brought out again six months later. If you want, you can watch the bottling on YouTube at this link: https://youtu.be/Hx128Qd4X3s.

In addition to three barrels full of excellent whiskey (but that's another story), the resulting necks and bodies also came out, from which 2 electric basses and an electric guitar were built. In order to determine whether the “whiskey guitar” would really make a significant difference in sound, we needed an identical model, which was also carved from the same trunk.

The Framus company then went to work and built two exactly the same Panthera Surpreme II (http://framus.de/de/Framus---Products--Gitarren-und-Ampere--E-Gitarren--Custom-Shop-- -Masterbuilt--Basic-Guitar-Models--Panthera--Panthera-II-Supreme--Panthera-II-Supreme--6-Saiten--Images.html) instruments resemble a pair of twins, which are similar except for the whiskey bath nothing distinguishes. I got both instruments last week to compete against each other in a tough shootout. Well then, is it all nonsense or the philosopher's stone?

Test setup

Let's start with the test setup. In order to ensure the most neutral possible reproduction, I only chose one amp, which is known for its very flexible sound shaping in the all-tube range. We're talking about the Hughes & Kettner Triamp MK III. Channels 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 3B were used. The amp was driven at high volume (master and volume at 12 o'clock each), but without driving the power amp into saturation too much in order not to distort the compression behavior and the response of the guitar.

When it comes to cabinets, I switched through different cabinets in terms of tonal coloring on my Ampete 88S and got stuck in the combination of neutral sound paired with practical use with a Marshall 4x12, built in the mid-eighties with Celestion 65 watts (they weren't called vintage back then). Only an SM57 was used as a microphone. The entire cabling was done using Cordial cables; a Silent model was used as the instrument cable because of the frequent replugging between the instruments. No boosters or other sound-changing pedals were used.

The sound files were neither normalized nor edited in any way in order to be able to make a direct comparison in terms of volume. Therefore, the files are a lot quieter than you are used to from other sound files. It is therefore advisable to listen to the files as loudly as possible, but without your speakers or the power amplifier reaching saturation!

When you listen to the sound files, you will notice that there are sometimes dramatic differences in terms of volume, compression, frequency response, etc. But to top it off, I would like to point out that only about 50% of the sound differences could be captured via the MP3's; the sound difference directly in front of the loudspeaker was many times greater than you can hear in the MP3's .

First I played the guitars without an amp, which already showed a completely opposite vibration behavior of the woods. Even without amplifying, you could see a faster response and a more consistent vibration behavior. I would never have expected that the differences across the amp would be so different.

Sound files Almost Clean

The two sound files were played with 2 passes each in the Neck / Parallel / Bridge pickup position. A direct comparison reveals several differences in the sound.

1.) The whiskey version has significantly louder output, even though the same pickups were used at exactly the same distance from the strings.

2.) The whiskey version has a higher low-mid content, less angular highs and generally a more balanced sound. This effect is particularly noticeable when hitting hard.

3.) The whiskey version sounds significantly more compressed and fatter in its basic sound, swings in faster and has a more even decay behavior.


Sound files Light Crunch

These files were mainly played with the fingers, which generates less dynamics.

1.) The regular version “bites” comparatively aggressively in the highs, which is no longer the case with the whiskey version. Instead, the midrange is boosted like a perfect multiband compressor and tastefully cushions the subtle scratching.


Sound files Heavy Crunch

In these sound files, the midrange is particularly emphasized, which best represents the sonic difference. In my opinion the best sound files to perceive the tonal differences.

1.) In the range around 1 kHz and approx. 2.5 kHz, the whiskey version experiences an incredible boost, which gives it significantly more assertiveness.

2.) The compression behavior of the whiskey variant is excellent. Not like a regular compressor that erases the dynamic peaks, but a kind of internally built-in compressor that only focuses on the midrange.


High gain sound files

1.) The whiskey version has a significantly higher bass content and almost manages to catch up with active pickup representatives such as EMG in terms of frequency response.

2.) Despite the higher output, the whiskey variant does not drift into mud and remains defined in its tone formation.

3.) Here too, a clear, tasteful treble reduction in the whiskey version, without the sound appearing musty.


Sound files sustain

An open dropped D chord to check the decay and oscillation duration of the strings.

1.) The whiskey version is again significantly louder and has a better sound spectrum.

2.) The vibration period of the strings of the whiskey version is approx. 20% longer


Summary

There are not many moments in a writer's life when one can be present at the initiation of a sensation. I've had this pleasure twice in my life, once when I tested the first Kemper amp and when I did this A/B comparison of the two guitars. I'm truly speechless when it comes to putting the tonal differences into words.

The whiskey version does everything we guitarists have been looking for for decades all by itself. In direct comparison to its untreated sister, which already sounds very good, the whiskey version is louder, has a more balanced frequency response, compresses like a knife straight away, has approx. 20% better sustain and impresses with a faster response and a brilliant sound decay behavior.

I would even go so far as to say that storing it in Grave Digger whiskey achieves exactly what the industry has been trying to do for decades. You can make a brand new guitar sound like a 40 year old, perfectly balanced vintage model! One could even speak of the Holy Grail!

Of course, some readers will want to deny any objectivity in this review, but the sound files speak for themselves. And please remember that the effect in front of the amplifier is many times higher. In addition, for reasons of reputation, I would never even dare to throw around such big words if the whole thing later turned out to be a tepid marketing measure.

I would like to recommend that every reader get their own opinion of the instrument, but the whiskey version was sold off the stand at the Guitar Summit and is now ending up in private hands. However, I am quite sure that the fantastic sound behavior will stimulate some thoughts about how such a sensation can be made available to even more guitar fans.

Conclusion

I'm speechless …

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Additional Informations:

**Unveiling the Intricate Interaction between Whisky and Oak Casks During Maturation**

The process of whisky maturation is a fascinating journey that takes place within the confines of oak casks, where the spirit undergoes a transformative journey, acquiring its complex flavors, aromas, and character. In this detailed exploration, we delve into the intricate interplay between whisky and oak casks during maturation, unraveling the chemical reactions, influences, and nuances that shape the final product.

**1. The Role of Oak Casks in Whisky Maturation**

Oak casks play a pivotal role in the maturation of whisky, serving as vessels that impart flavor, color, and texture to the spirit over time. The choice of oak cask and the conditions of maturation can significantly influence the final character of the whisky, making cask selection a crucial decision for distillers seeking to craft exceptional spirits.

**2. Extraction of Flavor Compounds**

During maturation, whisky interacts with the wood of the oak cask, leading to the extraction of various flavor compounds present in the wood. These compounds include vanillin, lignin, tannins, lactones, and other volatile organic compounds, each contributing distinct flavors and aromas to the whisky.

**3. Chemical Reactions**

The interaction between whisky and oak casks involves a series of complex chemical reactions that occur over time. One of the most significant reactions is esterification, where acids present in the whisky react with alcohols and other compounds in the wood to form esters, which contribute fruity and floral notes to the whisky's flavor profile.

Other reactions, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and polymerization, also play a role in shaping the whisky's character by breaking down and rearranging molecules within the spirit and the wood of the cask.

**4. Influence of Toasting and Charring**

The level of toasting and charring applied to oak casks before filling can have a profound impact on the maturation process and the resulting whisky. Toasting caramelizes sugars in the wood, creating flavors of caramel, toffee, and spice, while charring introduces charred wood flavors and activates carbon filtration, which helps remove impurities from the spirit.

**5. Maturation Environment**

The environmental conditions in which whisky matures, including temperature, humidity, and airflow, can also influence the interaction between the spirit and the oak cask. Warmer temperatures accelerate chemical reactions, leading to faster maturation and greater extraction of flavor compounds from the wood. Conversely, cooler temperatures slow down the maturation process, allowing for more gradual development of flavors and aromas.

**6. Duration of Maturation**

The length of time that whisky spends maturing in oak casks is another critical factor that affects its final character. Longer maturation periods allow for more extensive interaction between the spirit and the wood, resulting in deeper, richer flavors and a more complex profile. However, excessive maturation can also lead to over-oaked flavors, where the wood dominates the whisky's character, necessitating careful monitoring by distillers to achieve the desired balance.

**7. Finishing Casks and Flavor Enhancement**

In addition to primary maturation in oak casks, many whiskies undergo a secondary maturation process known as finishing, where they are transferred to alternative casks, such as sherry, port, or wine barrels, for a period of additional aging. Finishing casks impart unique flavors and aromas to the whisky, complementing and enhancing its existing character with nuances derived from the previous contents of the cask.

**8. The Art and Science of Maturation**

Whisky maturation is both an art and a science, requiring a delicate balance of craftsmanship, expertise, and patience to achieve optimal results. Distillers must carefully select and prepare oak casks, monitor environmental conditions, and make informed decisions about maturation duration and finishing techniques to create whiskies of exceptional quality and character.

**9. Appreciating the End Result**

The culmination of the maturation process is a whisky that reflects the unique interplay between spirit and wood, offering a symphony of flavors, aromas, and textures that captivate the senses and delight the palate. From the delicate sweetness of vanilla and caramel to the rich complexity of dried fruits, spices, and oak, each whisky tells a story of its journey through the cask, inviting enthusiasts to savor and appreciate its nuanced beauty.

**10. Conclusion**

The interaction between whisky and oak casks during maturation is a captivating dance of chemistry, flavor, and craftsmanship that results in the creation of some of the world's finest spirits. Through a delicate balance of extraction, chemical reactions, and environmental influences, distillers harness the transformative power of oak to craft whiskies of exceptional quality, character, and depth. As enthusiasts around the globe raise a glass to toast the fruits of this labor, they celebrate not only the craftsmanship of the distiller but also the enduring legacy of whisky maturation—an art form that continues to captivate and inspire generations of connoisseurs.

TEST: Framus Morrigan

 It's sometimes quite strange with the string stretchers' guild. Solidbody electric guitars have been built for almost 60 years now and both old guys and young people still divide almost the entire range of instruments into “more Fender-like” or “more Gibson-like”. Only very rarely have third manufacturers managed to create a concept in the 6 decades that could escape the product omnipotence of the two protagonists.

One of those exceptions was the emergence of the so-called “Powerstrats” at the end of the 1980s. Gibson just shot themselves in the foot by selling their company to the Norlin Group and the subterranean manufacturing quality that came with it, and Fender, despite having the most popular body shape of all time with the standard triple single coil configuration, was unable to satisfy the new emerging metal invasion in terms of sound. This was the starting point for companies like Kramer, ESP, Schecter, Charvel and many others, who at the time cleaned up the traditional guitar market with Strat shapes, powerful pickups and sometimes elaborate graffiti finishes.

The Framus Morrigan Custom I have can be assigned to this segment. With a slightly Strat-like shape and a powerful Seymour Duncan pickup set, the instrument starts exactly where you would expect.


Construction:

The body of the Morrigan Custom is made from basswood (linden). The neck made of maple (standing annual rings!) is, like the majority of Framus instruments, attached to the body using the patented bolt-in process. The fingerboard is made of deep black Tigerstripe Ebony, matching the black finish of the instrument, with 22 jumbo frets neatly embedded on it. The instrument has a long scale length (648 mm) and a fairly flat 12” fretboard radius. The so-called “Sharkfin” inlays are used as fingerboard inlays, an optical decoration that was first discovered on Jackson guitars in the mid-eighties.

For the first time with the Morrigan, Framus is introducing an innovation regarding the tuning mechanisms. To date, all instruments have been delivered with the 3-left-3-right construction on the headstock; this is the first time that the 6-in-line principle has been used. Due to the clamping saddle of the original Floyd Rose vibrato, locking mechanisms were omitted. The well-known Floyd Rose bridge construction works according to the patented knife edge principle with its well-known advantages (tuning stability) and disadvantages (loss of sustain). The strap is attached to the in-house security locks, and the entire hardware of the instrument is black.

There is also a new feature in the pickup assembly. Dave Mustaine, protagonist of the band Megadeth, which has degenerated into a one-man company, was the inspiration for the so-called Live Wire Set, which bases the signal processing on a Class A circuit and uses the popular SH-2/SH-4 as a sound reference combination has. The circuitry is very straight forward; a three-way switch allows the two pickups to be selected individually plus their parallel connection.

The shaping of the guitar is also worth mentioning. Here everything was milled to ensure an ergonomic playing feel, even in rather unusual areas. First of all, we have the ever-popular “beer belly milling” on the back, along with a generous recess at the neck transition for friction-free playing in high registers. In my opinion, the marginal recess on the lower cutaway towards the ceiling was also successful, which guarantees the fourth finger the freedom it needs for excursions beyond the 20th fret. The slanted ceiling flanks, which each take up about a third of the ceiling, are unusual but useful. If the lower bevel has more visual reasons, because it is symmetrical to the upper bevel, it replaces the often practiced forearm milling to ensure a comfortable arm rest.


Practice:

Look, when you pick up the instrument for the first time, you are surprised by its unexpectedly high weight. I have almost 4 kg of fighting weight in my hands, it's an instrument with chest hair! What may put too much pressure on one or another pussy's shoulders is compensated for with an unexpectedly long sustain for a Floyd Rose-equipped guitar.

Anyone who didn't know that the instrument was built specifically for the hard and heavy groups will know where the big deal is when it's put into operation via an amplifier. The Live Wire Set has a very high output power, which makes creating clean sounds on the amp a real challenge. In some cases you actually have to turn down the volume control a little to be able to enjoy the pearly, undistorted sounds, such is the high level of the system's basic output. In the distorted area, the Morrigan is convincing across the board. The Class-A preamp set has a very high inherent compression from the factory, which gives the compression of a distorted sound even more density. Whether ex-drug nose Mustaine even appreciates this circuitry effort, let alone perceives it acoustically, remains to be seen; the fact is that the concept sounds very powerful.

In terms of gameplay, Morrigan makes it really easy to show off your creativity. A moderate C-shaping of the neck does not allow for excessive exertion, and the frets, which are neatly shaped using PLEK technology, create a pleasant playing feeling. But BE CAREFUL, we are dealing with jumbo frets here! What creates a legato feeling on the one hand and creates bends with great ease, needs to be handled with great discipline on the other. Always remember to have your string pressure completely under control, with the 009 factory set, excessive string pressure turns into an intonation debacle with a tonal deviation of up to 50 cents in a fraction of a second! But if you always keep this in mind, the instrument will thank you for being easy to play in all positions.


Conclusion:

Heavy Metal Is The Law! ;-) The Morrigan Custom is black, aggressive and has a powerful sound and leaves no doubt as to which genre it was designed for. In the tradition of the Powerstrats, Framus is pushing into the realm of Ibanez & Co. with this model and is preparing to leave a real mark on the “tall men in black clothes” clientele. However, you shouldn't make the mistake of reducing the instrument to the metal area, as this would be doing the instrument an injustice. The Morrigan also knows how to impress in the rock sector, depending on the amplifier used, so test it out and form your own opinion!

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Additional Informations:

**Unveiling the Genesis of the Powerstrat: A Comprehensive Journey into its Origins**

The Powerstrat, a revered variant of the iconic Fender Stratocaster, holds a unique position in the realm of electric guitars. Its emergence, evolution, and enduring influence have contributed significantly to the sonic landscape of modern music. In this detailed exploration, we embark on a comprehensive journey to uncover the fascinating history behind the Powerstrat, tracing its origins, examining its distinctive features, and unraveling its impact on musicians and the industry.

**1. The Legacy of the Fender Stratocaster**

Before delving into the Powerstrat's genesis, it's essential to acknowledge the formidable legacy of its predecessor, the Fender Stratocaster. Introduced in 1954, the Stratocaster revolutionized the electric guitar world with its sleek design, versatile tonal capabilities, and innovative features such as the tremolo bridge and three single-coil pickups. Its iconic double-cutaway body shape, contoured for comfort and playability, quickly became synonymous with the electric guitar itself, earning the Stratocaster a place of honor among musicians of all genres.

**2. The Emergence of the Powerstrat Concept**

The concept of the Powerstrat emerged in response to the evolving needs and preferences of guitarists in the late 20th century. As musical styles shifted towards heavier genres such as hard rock, heavy metal, and progressive rock, players sought instruments capable of delivering a more aggressive, high-gain sound. While the traditional single-coil pickups of the standard Stratocaster excelled in delivering sparkling cleans and bell-like tones, they were often perceived as lacking the punch and sustain required for heavier styles of music. Thus, the idea of the Powerstrat was born—a Stratocaster modified with humbucking pickups and other enhancements to unlock its full sonic potential in high-gain settings.

**3. Customization and Experimentation**

The early days of the Powerstrat saw guitarists experimenting with various modifications and customizations to achieve the desired balance of power, clarity, and sustain. One of the most significant modifications involved replacing the standard single-coil pickups with humbuckers—dual-coil pickups known for their higher output and noise-canceling properties. This simple yet effective alteration transformed the Stratocaster's tone, imbuing it with a thicker, more aggressive sound that was well-suited to the demands of heavy rock music.

In addition to pickup upgrades, Powerstrats often featured other modifications such as aftermarket bridges, locking tuners, upgraded electronics, and alternative wiring schemes to further enhance their performance and playability. These modifications allowed players to tailor their instruments to suit their individual playing styles and sonic preferences, resulting in a diverse array of Powerstrat configurations and variations.

**4. Influential Players and Signature Models**

As the Powerstrat gained popularity among guitarists seeking a heavier, more aggressive sound, influential players began to adopt and endorse modified Stratocasters tailored to their specific needs. These signature Powerstrat models, bearing the names of renowned guitarists, served as showcases for the capabilities of the modified instrument and further fueled its popularity among players and fans.

One of the most notable examples is the "Superstrat" designed by Eddie Van Halen, which featured a custom-built Stratocaster body with a humbucking pickup in the bridge position, a Floyd Rose tremolo system, and other enhancements inspired by Van Halen's innovative playing style. Other notable players who popularized the Powerstrat concept include Yngwie Malmsteen, Ritchie Blackmore, and Dave Murray, each of whom contributed to the evolution and proliferation of modified Stratocasters tailored for high-gain performance.

**5. Evolution and Commercialization**

As the demand for Powerstrat-style guitars continued to grow, guitar manufacturers took notice and began offering production models that incorporated many of the modifications and features associated with the modified Stratocaster. Companies like Fender, Charvel, Jackson, and Ibanez introduced a range of Superstrat models designed to appeal to players seeking the enhanced playability and versatility of the modified instrument.

These production Powerstrats often featured double-locking tremolo systems, high-output humbucking pickups, slim neck profiles, and other features designed to meet the demands of modern guitarists. While purists may argue that the true essence of the Powerstrat lies in its customized and personalized nature, the availability of production models has made the high-performance Stratocaster more accessible to a wider audience of players.

**6. Enduring Legacy and Influence**

Today, the Powerstrat continues to be a staple of the electric guitar landscape, cherished by players for its versatility, playability, and distinctive tone. Its impact can be felt across a wide range of musical genres, from hard rock and heavy metal to fusion, progressive rock, and beyond. Whether wielded by virtuosic shredders, blues-rock maestros, or experimental innovators, the Powerstrat remains a versatile tool in the arsenal of contemporary guitarists, capable of delivering a wide range of tones and textures with ease.

**Conclusion**

The Powerstrat stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of innovation, experimentation, and customization in the world of electric guitars. From its humble beginnings as a modified Stratocaster to its widespread commercialization and continued evolution, the Powerstrat has left an indelible mark on the sonic landscape of modern music. As players continue to push the boundaries of guitar performance and tone, the Powerstrat remains a symbol of creativity, versatility, and sonic exploration, ensuring its place in the pantheon of legendary electric guitars for generations to come.