TEST: Mackie 1608

 There are things that you see coming. Or at least one believes that a product of some kind with a certain design could appear in a timely manner. During my last European tour, I first became aware of a monitor sound man who suddenly appeared next to me during the sound check with an iPad in his hand and asked about the mixing ratio in the wedges. After the answer was given, he briefly tapped on the tablet, checked the result and turned to the next actor. I admit, I was impressed.

After the home PC or Mac became firmly established a few years ago as an integral part, even as a control center in every recording studio, it was only a matter of time before an ambitious manufacturer aimed for the next level of CPU-managed control technology. Now it has happened, the engineers from Mackie have discovered IOS and, with it, Apple's tablet technology as a control unit and designed a corresponding mixer. Off to new shores, the location-independent FOH is just a few swipes away.



construction

Strictly speaking, the Mackie DL 1608 is no longer a mixing console, but rather a dock that holds the aforementioned iPad. With the exception of the hardware gain controls, this controls all parameters within the mix, be it volumes, filters, effects or dynamics. The sound man now has the opportunity to leave his seat with the iPad in his hand and optimize the sound anywhere in the room via a WiFi connection to the mixer dock. You are finally decoupled from the mixer hardware, which also means that you can park the mixer dock somewhere in the room where it is least disruptive and, armed only with an iPad, you can work at the optimal starting point for the mix. So if there's a guy next to you armed with an iPad, don't immediately report to the hall steward that a visitor is making illegal concert recordings, it could also be the hall mixer.

The product, manufactured in Mexico, leaves a good impression in terms of workmanship. The construction is massive, and the weight of just under 3.2 kilograms can be described as very moderate considering its technical capabilities. Regarding its connection peripherals, the device has 16 Neutrik XLR inputs, which are equipped with microphone preamplifiers from the Onyx series, with channels 13-16 designed as combination sockets for additional line signals. One main output, phantom power, an on/off switch, the connection for the included power supply, RJ45 Ethernet connection socket and a Kensigton theft protection, that would be fine if there weren't 6 individual aux sends, one of the highlights of the product. Considering the fact that up to 10 iPads can be docked via WLAN, new ways of monitoring open up. Provided you have enough separate signal paths, each artist can set their own monitor sound using the iPad via those sends on stage. A dream becomes true.

The dock station (I always want to say desk, but it's not one without the iPad...) provides an intelligent connection between a digital desk and the iPad, the missing link that many users are longingly waiting for. The iPad handles all signal processing; only the catch-up amplifier is managed via the dock hardware. The internal iPad DSP power generates a four-band filter, a complete gate and compressor section for each channel and a delay or a reverb algorithm as room effects. For the aux sends and the master out, Mackie provides another 31-band graphic EQ plus a dynamic section consisting of a compressor and limiter.



Practice

The iPad is anchored using a guide carriage and locked with the included holders. In this position it is also charged simultaneously during operation. The holder fits perfectly, nothing wobbles or has even the slightest play. You can now download the Master Fader app, which is needed to control the system, from the Apple App Store. After installing the application, an eight-channel mixer opens, which can be browsed through the various levels of channel editing using the iPad's well-known swiping gestures. In addition to the respective line fader, the basic settings include a solo, mute, channel and EQ button, as well as a panorama fader. The channel names can be assigned individually and even supplemented with photos. With a swipe gesture you can reach channels 9-16 and the signal returns. The generated mix can also be recorded as a WAV file using a built-in record button.

As always with Apple, setting up the WLAN network is easy, but all other commercially available routers are also supported. Mackie recommends the 802.11n standard due to the higher transmission values, but functionality is also granted down to the 802.11g standard. We explicitly point out that the encryption is intact, unless you want to hand over control of your desk into the hands of unauthorized people in WLAN mode.

The next level shows the filter area, which is presented very clearly and tastefully in color. With a light swipe you can seamlessly go to the next channel to start editing it. Once you get used to this type of work, you flip through the hierarchy of the app like you would in any other app. Of course, the separation of the mixing console and filter section via the hierarchy levels initially requires a different type of finger movement, but it is surprising how quickly you feel at home. The indirect access options feared by many traditionally analogue sound people are just a matter of practice. Within a short time you get used to the workaround and everything else works as if by itself. For this very reason, a lot of emphasis was placed on making the feel as “analog-like” as possible. Of course you can't conjure up a three-dimensional curvature from the display, but all faders want to be centered and pulled. There are no unwanted jumps in the signal flow due to inaccurate finger movements.

As with digital consoles, snapshots, recalls and presets are a powerful tool and the first choice to prevent chaos, especially at festival conditions. In the past, pen and paper were often used, and later photographs with the iPhone were used to archive the current settings (if the support band conditions were unfavorable, 75% of the desk was often taped off - "Keep your hands away from these channels otherwise your tour is over") Before the next sound man messes up the console completely, you can at least save your personal settings this way, provided the stage manager hasn't changed everything on the multicore again.
In terms of sound, there is nothing to complain about in the design, as long as you want to generate neutral sounds with almost no coloring. You'll deliberately look in vain for the tonal peculiarities of old analog classics here, but it seems to me only a matter of time until Mackie software updates in the form of Neve, SSL, Focusrite or whatever channel strip emulations are available, as long as the iPad offers them provides the necessary computing power. Filter a kick via SSL, but a Neve snare? Why not, the possibilities would be varied.



Conclusion

All due respect, Mackie has managed to bring a coherent, interesting and highly innovative concept to market maturity, which, in my opinion, will take off in no time and bring a lot of clones onto the scene. However, as is often the case, it will probably happen that the innovator will remain the measure of all things, provided he updates his concept at regular intervals. Only the availability of the current iPad as a control unit can be determined for just a few years in advance, but the next dock generation will definitely be available by then.

Hardware, software and the merger with the current iPad have the potential to be an absolute classic, nothing that couldn't be fixed or improved with a software update. Just because of the idea and the successful implementation, from my side, the highest score!

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Additional Informations:

In recent years, the integration of iPads with professional audio equipment has revolutionized the way sound engineers and musicians interact with their gear. Among the key players in this technological evolution is Mackie, a renowned name in the audio industry. Mackie has embraced the power of iPads, offering a range of products that seamlessly integrate with these devices to enhance functionality, mobility, and user experience. This article explores the various ways iPads collaborate with Mackie audio products, delving into the benefits, technology, practical applications, and real-world use cases.

#### The Evolution of Mackie Audio Products

Mackie, a brand under the Loud Technologies Inc. umbrella, has been at the forefront of audio innovation since its inception in 1988. Known for its high-quality mixers, speakers, and recording equipment, Mackie has consistently pushed the boundaries of what is possible in audio technology. The company’s commitment to innovation is evident in its embrace of digital technology and integration with modern devices like the iPad.

#### Key Mackie Products Compatible with iPads

1. **DL Series Digital Mixers**: The Mackie DL Series digital mixers are among the most notable products that showcase the seamless integration with iPads. Models like the DL1608 and DL32R are designed to be controlled entirely via iPad, providing a powerful and flexible mixing solution.

2. **ProDX Series**: The ProDX series, including the ProDX4 and ProDX8, are compact digital mixers that can be controlled wirelessly via an iPad. These mixers are perfect for small venues, solo artists, and podcasters who need a simple yet powerful mixing solution.

3. **SRM Flex**: The SRM Flex portable column PA system also integrates with iPads for easy control and customization of sound settings. This product is ideal for mobile DJs, musicians, and public speakers who need a portable and versatile PA system.

4. **Onyx Series USB Interfaces**: Mackie’s Onyx Series USB interfaces, such as the Onyx Producer 2·2 and Onyx Artist 1·2, offer seamless iPad connectivity for high-quality recording and playback. These interfaces are perfect for musicians and home studio enthusiasts who need reliable and high-fidelity audio capture.

#### Benefits of iPad Integration with Mackie Products

1. **Enhanced Mobility and Flexibility**: One of the most significant advantages of using an iPad with Mackie products is the enhanced mobility and flexibility it offers. Sound engineers and musicians can control their audio equipment from anywhere in the venue, allowing for more precise adjustments and a better overall mix.

2. **Intuitive Touch Interface**: The iPad’s touch interface is highly intuitive, making it easier for users to navigate complex audio settings and make real-time adjustments. This is particularly beneficial in live sound environments where quick and accurate changes are crucial.

3. **Remote Control**: The ability to control Mackie products remotely via an iPad adds a new level of convenience. Engineers can adjust sound settings while walking around the venue, ensuring that the audio quality is consistent across different areas.

4. **Space and Cost Efficiency**: Integrating an iPad with Mackie products can reduce the need for bulky hardware, saving space and potentially lowering costs. This is especially advantageous for small venues, home studios, and mobile setups.

5. **Advanced Features and Customization**: Mackie’s iPad-compatible products often come with dedicated apps that offer advanced features and customization options. Users can save presets, apply effects, and tweak settings with precision, all from the convenience of their iPad.

#### Technology Behind iPad Integration

The seamless integration between iPads and Mackie audio products is made possible by several key technologies:

1. **Wireless Networking**: Most Mackie products that integrate with iPads use Wi-Fi for wireless control. The iPad connects to the mixer or audio device via a local Wi-Fi network, allowing for real-time adjustments without the need for physical connections.

2. **Dedicated Apps**: Mackie provides dedicated apps for iPad control, such as the Master Fader app for DL Series mixers and the SRM Flex Connect app for the SRM Flex PA system. These apps are designed to offer a user-friendly interface and robust functionality, mirroring the physical controls of the hardware.

3. **Digital Signal Processing (DSP)**: The core functionality of Mackie’s digital mixers and audio devices relies on DSP technology. The DSP handles audio processing, effects, and routing, with the iPad serving as a control surface to adjust these parameters.

4. **Bluetooth Connectivity**: Some Mackie products, like the ProDX series, utilize Bluetooth for wireless control and audio streaming. This allows for easy setup and operation, particularly for smaller gigs and mobile applications.

#### Practical Applications

1. **Live Sound Mixing**: In live sound environments, the ability to control Mackie mixers with an iPad is invaluable. Engineers can move around the venue, making adjustments based on how the sound is perceived in different areas. This mobility ensures a consistent and high-quality audio experience for the audience.

2. **Studio Recording**: For studio recording, Mackie’s Onyx Series USB interfaces paired with an iPad offer a portable and powerful solution. Musicians and producers can record, edit, and mix tracks with ease, leveraging the iPad’s intuitive interface and the high-quality audio capture of Mackie interfaces.

3. **Mobile DJing and Events**: Mackie’s portable PA systems like the SRM Flex, when controlled via iPad, provide DJs and event hosts with a flexible and powerful audio solution. The ability to make real-time adjustments and customize sound settings on-the-fly is particularly beneficial for dynamic event environments.

4. **Educational Settings**: Music and audio production schools can benefit from Mackie’s iPad-compatible products by providing students with hands-on experience using modern technology. The intuitive control interfaces and advanced features make it easier for students to learn the intricacies of sound engineering and mixing.

#### Real-World Use Cases

1. **Concert Venues**: Many concert venues have adopted Mackie’s DL Series digital mixers for their live sound setups. The ability to control the mix from an iPad allows engineers to ensure that the sound quality is optimized for every corner of the venue, enhancing the audience’s experience.

2. **Houses of Worship**: In houses of worship, where volunteers often manage sound systems, Mackie’s iPad-controlled mixers provide an accessible and user-friendly solution. The intuitive interface and preset functionalities allow for consistent and high-quality sound, regardless of the operator’s experience level.

3. **Corporate Events**: For corporate events and conferences, Mackie’s portable PA systems like the SRM Flex offer a convenient and effective solution. The iPad control allows event organizers to manage audio settings effortlessly, ensuring clear and professional sound throughout the event.

4. **Home Studios**: Home studio owners benefit greatly from the integration of Mackie interfaces with iPads. The combination of high-quality audio capture and intuitive control makes it easier for musicians to produce professional-grade recordings without the need for extensive and expensive hardware setups.

#### Challenges and Considerations

While the integration of iPads with Mackie products offers numerous benefits, there are some challenges and considerations to keep in mind:

1. **Network Reliability**: A stable and robust Wi-Fi network is essential for uninterrupted control. Network dropouts can disrupt the connection between the iPad and the audio device, potentially causing issues during live performances or recordings.

2. **Learning Curve**: Users accustomed to traditional hardware controls may experience a learning curve when transitioning to iPad-based control. However, most Mackie apps are designed to be user-friendly, and the benefits often outweigh the initial adjustment period.

3. **Battery Life**: Managing the iPad’s battery life is crucial, especially during long sessions or live performances. It’s important to have a charging solution readily available and to monitor battery levels to prevent unexpected shutdowns.

4. **Software Updates and Compatibility**: Regular updates to both the Mackie hardware firmware and the iPad apps are necessary to ensure compatibility and access to new features. Staying up-to-date with the latest versions can prevent technical issues and improve functionality.

#### Conclusion

The collaboration between iPads and Mackie audio products represents a significant advancement in the audio industry. This integration offers unparalleled mobility, flexibility, and functionality, transforming the workflow of sound engineers, musicians, and event organizers. From live sound mixing and studio recording to mobile DJing and educational applications, the synergy between iPads and Mackie products enhances the overall audio experience.

As technology continues to evolve, we can expect further improvements and even more seamless integration between mobile devices and professional audio equipment. Mackie’s commitment to innovation ensures that their products will remain at the forefront of this exciting technological landscape, providing users with powerful and intuitive solutions for all their audio needs.

TEST: Mackie 806

 The big sister had barely established itself in musical and technical circles when Mackie brought the Mackie DL 806, the slightly smaller version of the 1608, onto the market. It is not without reason that the speed of publication was pushed to the limit, as the huge leap in popularity of the predecessor should be used to be able to present both the little brother and the software updates for the first time in time for the big trade fairs.

On the one hand, Mackie is launching with the new 1.4 software, which has some further developments, and on the other hand, Mackie has a powerful joker up its sleeve with an additional iPhone app.



construction

In direct comparison to the Mackie DL 1608, the Mackie DL 806 only has eight instead of sixteen inputs and has to make do with six instead of eight aux paths. In return, however, the selling price is reduced by around 25 percent. Otherwise, all hardware features and the overall concept were adopted from the big sister. With the exception of the hardware gain controls, all parameters within the mix, be it volumes, filters, effects or dynamics, are still controlled using the iPad's software. Considering the fact that many factors overlap with the debut Mackie DL 1608, I ask the interested reader to get a first impression.

The following description serves as a brief summary. The Mackie DL system is a fusion of hardware and software components using the Apple iPad as a control console. In addition to the same device, the hardware used is the Mackie hardware dock, which has the necessary inputs, the catch-up amplifiers along with the control path and the DSP processors for calculating the algorithms. The calculation of the respective plug-ins is completely taken over by the Mackie hardware, so a possible system crash of the iPad has no impact on ongoing operations. There is no need to fear that the concert will be canceled or something similar.

The iPad display takes over the function of managing and visually displaying the mixer functions. The iPad can be firmly clamped in the hardware dock or takes over its control functions via WLAN. In parallel operation, up to 10 iPads can share management. For example, the individual monitor mix of each musician on stage, carried out by the artist himself, can be seen as an area of application.

What's new is the fact that, thanks to Apple's switch from the 30-pin connector to the Lightning port, you can have the hardware dock converted by an authorized specialist retailer from the middle of the 4th quarter. According to the German sales department, the procedure in which the 30-pin connector is exchanged for a Lightning connector can only be completed in a few simple steps and should not involve any major renovation work. Also in the 4th quarter of this year there will be a tray for the iPad Mini, which will provide further flexibility.

When it comes to the hardware dock, the Mackie DL 806 has the same dimensions as the DL 1608, although the look is a bit tidier due to the larger space available for a reduced number of plugs and sockets. As in the larger model, ONYX microphone preamplifiers are used to adapt the signal, the signals of which are managed by 24-bit Cirrus Logic converters. One of the big differences in the new Masterfader 1.4 software is the introduction of its own vintage sound and dynamics section, which can be used as an alternative to the modern channel strip. The equalizer is based on the handling of a Neve console, the noise gate is based on the DBX model and the compressor looks for its roots in the Urei 1176.

Mackie has also come up with a lot of ideas for saving different settings. All current interface settings are constantly saved and can be stored in any snapshots. These provide a complete picture of current events and can be reloaded at any time. Up to 99 snapshots can be saved in a so-called show. This makes it possible, for example, to assign each song its own setting during a live performance. In general, the diverse storage options give you enormous options for dividing individual songs and allowing the respective settings to merge seamlessly into one another, options that can no longer be implemented with an analog console. Settings can also be protected with a PIN code, so that, for example, the individual artist can only change the parameters that have been assigned to them for personal administration.



Practice

Once you have downloaded the Master Fader app from the Apple App Store, which is needed to control the system, you still need to set up the WLAN network for wireless operation. This is really child's play, the system works with pretty much every known router. Mackie recommends the 802.11n standard due to the higher transmission values, but functionality is also granted down to the 802.11g standard. You can switch between stationary and mobile operation as you wish. It is therefore possible, for example, to create a stationary basic mix and then move around the room with the iPad in order to compensate for any spatially-related over- or under-presence of the individual frequencies using the sum EQ. The generated mix can also be recorded as a WAV file using a built-in record button, making mixing console recordings one of the easiest exercises.

Some people may complain about the lack of aux return. Well, the concept of the Mackie DL 806 lies primarily in the use of the internal effects; feeding in outgear can only be done via the feedback via input channels. The send buses are primarily to be understood as monitor paths; the entire console is designed accordingly. As the icing on the cake, Mackie now comes out with the MyFader app for the iPhone or iPod Touch, which allows the most important parameters to be controlled via the aforementioned devices. Imagine being able to briefly adjust your personal monitor mix with your iPhone during the show and then having the device disappear into a corner again, just fantastic. The app works with the iPhone 4, 4S and 5 plus the iPod Touch 4th and 5th generations.

As expected, the sound of the Mackie DL 806 connects seamlessly to the 1608, as the same components were used, but with the aforementioned vintage range added to the same products. In a direct comparison, you can clearly see how much effort the programmers have put into capturing the analogue flair of days gone by. In some cases they succeed in this really well, the plug-ins are particularly convincing for live operation, but the difference to the Modern EQ is more moderate than expected and in direct comparison with one of the great originals, which serve as a model for the concept, the DSP has to be still set sail, with the emphasis on the word “yet”. I am sure that it is only a matter of time and more sophisticated algorithms until only nuances appear in direct comparison and the digital editing level overtakes the original.



Conclusion

Like the first born in 1608, the Mackie DL 806 impresses with its unique concept. The conception, implementation and detailed solutions are very good, sometimes even brilliantly implemented and are second to none. The system, which is open at the top, can be continually adapted to the customer's wishes through further programming, which it proves once again through the use of the MyFader app.

Even if personal preferences sometimes leave certain special requests open in detail, such as the lack of configuring two mono channels as one stereo channel, the overall concept is so perfectly practical that it rises above all points of criticism.

So far unique and untouched, the market leader par excellence. Be sure to check it out.

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Additional Informations:

In the digital age, technology has significantly transformed the music and audio production industry. One of the most notable advancements is the ability to control mixing consoles using mobile devices like the iPad. This innovation has revolutionized the workflow of sound engineers, making the process more flexible, efficient, and intuitive. This article delves into the various aspects of controlling mixing consoles with an iPad, exploring its benefits, the technology behind it, and practical applications.

#### Evolution of Mixing Consoles

Traditionally, mixing consoles were large, cumbersome pieces of hardware with numerous knobs, faders, and buttons. These consoles required sound engineers to be physically present at the board to make adjustments. The advent of digital mixing consoles in the late 20th century marked a significant leap, integrating digital signal processing (DSP) and allowing for more compact and versatile designs.

The next major shift came with the integration of wireless technology and mobile computing. Tablets like the iPad, with their powerful processors and touch interfaces, became an ideal tool for remote control of these digital consoles. This shift has made it possible for sound engineers to move freely around the venue, make adjustments on-the-fly, and have a more interactive and immersive mixing experience.

#### Benefits of iPad-Controlled Mixing Consoles

1. **Mobility and Flexibility**: One of the most significant advantages of using an iPad to control a mixing console is the freedom of movement it affords. Engineers can walk around the venue and make adjustments based on how the sound is perceived in different locations. This is particularly useful in live sound settings, where the acoustics can vary significantly from one spot to another.

2. **Intuitive Interface**: The touch interface of the iPad is intuitive and user-friendly. Most mixing console apps are designed to mimic the physical layout of traditional consoles, making the transition easier for those accustomed to hardware controls. The visual feedback and gesture controls enhance the overall user experience.

3. **Remote Access**: In addition to on-site mobility, iPad control allows for remote access to the mixing console. This can be particularly useful for studio engineers who need to make adjustments without being in the same room as the console. Remote access can also facilitate collaborative projects where team members are located in different places.

4. **Space and Cost Efficiency**: Using an iPad to control a mixing console can reduce the need for extensive hardware setups, saving space and potentially lowering costs. This can be particularly beneficial for smaller venues or home studios where space is at a premium.

5. **Enhanced Functionality**: Many iPad apps for mixing consoles offer features that go beyond what traditional hardware can provide. These can include advanced metering, customized layouts, and integration with other software tools. The ability to quickly switch between different views and settings can streamline the workflow and increase productivity.

#### Technology Behind iPad-Controlled Mixing Consoles

The ability to control a mixing console with an iPad is made possible by a combination of wireless networking, software development, and digital audio technology. Here’s a breakdown of the key components:

1. **Wireless Networking**: A stable and robust wireless network is essential for reliable iPad control. Most modern mixing consoles are equipped with built-in Wi-Fi or can be connected to an external wireless router. The iPad connects to this network, allowing it to communicate with the console in real-time.

2. **Control Protocols**: Digital mixing consoles use specific control protocols to communicate with external devices. Common protocols include OSC (Open Sound Control) and proprietary protocols developed by console manufacturers. These protocols ensure that commands sent from the iPad are accurately executed by the console.

3. **Control Apps**: Manufacturers of mixing consoles typically provide dedicated apps for iPad control. These apps are designed to interface seamlessly with their hardware, offering a range of features tailored to the specific console model. Popular examples include Yamaha’s StageMix for their CL and QL series, Behringer’s X32-Mix for the X32 series, and Allen & Heath’s MixPad for their Qu series.

4. **Digital Signal Processing (DSP)**: The core functionality of digital mixing consoles relies on DSP technology. The DSP handles audio signal routing, processing, and effects, allowing for complex audio manipulation. The iPad acts as a control surface, sending commands to the DSP to adjust parameters such as EQ, compression, and reverb.

#### Practical Applications

1. **Live Sound**: In live sound environments, the ability to control the mix from different locations within the venue is invaluable. Engineers can move around the audience area to ensure a consistent listening experience throughout the space. This mobility also allows for quicker adjustments during performances, improving overall sound quality.

2. **Studio Recording**: In the recording studio, iPad control can enhance the workflow by allowing engineers to make adjustments from different positions within the studio. For example, they can make changes while monitoring in the control room or while setting up microphones in the live room. This flexibility can save time and streamline the recording process.

3. **Theater and Broadcast**: In theater and broadcast settings, precise control over audio is crucial. iPad control enables sound engineers to quickly respond to changes in the script or live broadcast scenarios. The ability to move around and make adjustments on-the-fly ensures that the audio mix remains balanced and clear.

4. **Educational Settings**: Music and audio production schools can benefit from iPad-controlled mixing consoles by providing students with hands-on experience with modern technology. The intuitive interface and flexibility make it easier for students to learn the intricacies of sound mixing.

#### Challenges and Considerations

While controlling mixing consoles with an iPad offers many benefits, there are also some challenges and considerations to keep in mind:

1. **Network Stability**: A reliable and stable wireless network is crucial for uninterrupted control. Network dropouts can lead to loss of control, which can be problematic during live performances. It’s essential to use high-quality networking equipment and conduct thorough testing before relying on wireless control in critical situations.

2. **Latency**: Although modern technology has minimized latency issues, some delay between the iPad commands and the console’s response can still occur. Ensuring that the network and devices are optimized for low latency is important for maintaining real-time control.

3. **Battery Life**: Managing the iPad’s battery life is crucial, especially during long sessions or live performances. It’s advisable to have a charging solution readily available and to monitor battery levels to prevent unexpected shutdowns.

4. **Software Updates and Compatibility**: Regular updates to both the mixing console firmware and the iPad app are necessary to ensure compatibility and access to new features. Staying up-to-date with the latest versions can prevent technical issues and improve functionality.

5. **Learning Curve**: For those accustomed to traditional hardware consoles, there may be a learning curve when transitioning to iPad control. However, most apps are designed to be user-friendly, and the benefits of increased flexibility and functionality often outweigh the initial adjustment period.

#### Conclusion

The ability to control mixing consoles with an iPad represents a significant advancement in audio production technology. This innovation offers unparalleled mobility, flexibility, and functionality, transforming the workflow of sound engineers in live, studio, theater, and broadcast settings. While there are challenges to consider, the benefits of iPad-controlled mixing consoles make them an invaluable tool in the modern audio engineer’s arsenal. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect further improvements and even more seamless integration of mobile devices in the world of audio production.

TEST: ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL

 The ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL is a signature electric guitar built by the Asian manufacturer for Rammstein guitarist Richard Kruspe.

The conception of the ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL

Well, if you currently hear the band name Rammstein, you are confronted with all sorts of things, although in this case the smallest amount of coverage can be attributed to their music. Who did what, how and where has no place in a music magazine anyway, but at least guitarist Richard Kruspe seems to emerge from the whole mess relatively unscathed. In this respect, you can actually concentrate more on the musical aspect with him than joining in the mudslinging that is blatantly presented in the media.

Kruspe has been working with the ESP company for many years, with his two signature models belonging to the E-II series and all made in Japan. After I unpacked the guitar, a storm of thoughts came over me. I had seen this guitar shape somewhere before, but for the life of me I couldn't remember where it was. After a few hours of thinking, I remembered that I had seen Johnny Ramone of the punk band The Ramones with a similar guitar before, or in this case the original.

It is a Mosrite Ventures II guitar, which is quite unique with the characteristic shape in which the lower wooden horn is slightly longer than the upper one. I am relatively sure that this is not an oversight, but that Richard Kruspe took exactly this guitar shape, because on the one hand it is aesthetic, but on the other hand it is so unique that it is not the hundred thousandth copy of the famous Strat, Paula or other shapes .

The optics

However, before we go into the technical details, we must briefly look at the optics of the instrument. It's relatively clear that with a provocative band like Rammstein you can't expect a sunburst finish with a 5-fold A maple top. However, what ESP visually pulls off here is a unique selling point. Not only does the provocative mix of suggested barbed wire with bloody scars and burnt surface leave a clear impression, the whole thing is also designed in three dimensions, so that the bloody scars can actually be felt when you run your finger over them.

For my part, I think the instrument is very suitable for a band of this genre. However, it remains questionable whether the instrument will be used in any form in a cover band. However, this guitar is an absolute must for a Rammstein tribute band.

However, I find the use of a transparent pickguard funny in a certain way. Just keep in mind that the entire instrument is designed to look burned, mutilated, scratched or scarred, but is then protected with a pickguard so that the pick does not scratch the finish. However, you have to say that if you view the guitar as a work of art, the use of the pickguard is understandable.

The task of the vibrato system of the ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL

Another special feature of the instrument is the use of the neck-body construction. The instrument has a three-piece neck made of maple, while the glued wing parts are made of alder. The construction itself is one of the famous sustain monsters that often occurs with a continuous neck, i.e. the vibration behavior is excellent and allows the individual tone to resonate for an extremely long time.

Interestingly, Richard Kruspe uses a Floyd Rose vibrato system on his guitar, which is known to reduce the sustain a little. Nevertheless, despite the vibrato system, this instrument has a very strong sustain component. The real unusual thing, however, is the fact that Richard Kruspe hardly uses the Floyd Rose vibrato system at all, but he firmly believes that the combination of the through-neck with a Floyd Rose system is a large part of his sound, This means that the vibrato system is not on the guitar to generate corresponding vibrati or dive bombs, but rather it is exclusively part of the vibration behavior of the guitar. I admit, I've never heard this aspect before in my life, but whatever, Signature is Signature!

With a weight of just over 4 kg, the instrument can be classified in the “men's guitar” range not only visually but also in terms of weight. In general, the instrument gives a “powerful” impression, so handling it accordingly shouldn’t pose any problems. The neck profile, known as “Thin U”, offers good mass and creates a good middle ground between “stick out of the bag” and Ibanez RG profile. The instrument also has a long scale length of 647 mm and has 24 X jumbo frets.

In terms of hardware, the Floyd Rose Vibrato system is used, along with the corresponding clamp saddle. As a result, the tuners only have the function of bringing the sides to a certain basic tension. In this case, clamping mechanisms were omitted, which would make no sense at all in this design. Instead, six smaller versions of Gotoh mechanics are used, which, as expected, run perfectly and smoothly.

I know it's just a small thing, but I can't help it, I love perfect detailed solutions. In this case it is the cover of the 9 volt battery on the back of the body of the ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL. The cover, which at first glance gives the impression that it needs to be loosened with two small Phillips screws, turns out to be a rotating mechanism in which you unscrew the battery from the body by lightly pressing on the lower side of the cover. This makes changing the battery extremely quick. The whole thing is very well encapsulated and the detailed solution is a real pleasure. Something like this always seems to only come from Japan.

The sound

If you want to describe Rammstein's guitar sound, you actually only have one word to choose from. Gain! The aim is to get as much gain as possible on the guitar and still make it appear as transparent as possible. There are basically only two manufacturers in the pickup sector for this type of sound creation. On the one hand, the classics from EMG, which have dominated the market for a long time for almost 40 years, and the upstart Fishman, which intervened in this market a few years ago with its Fluence series. Kruspe, who used EMG until a few years ago, is now working with a signature setup from Fishman, consisting of Fishman Fluence Richard Z Signature Modern Alnico Metallic Red on the neck and Fishman Fluence Richard Z Signature Modern Ceramic Metallic Red on the bridge.

As is usual with Fishman, both pickups have two voicing circuits, which can be selected by pulling the volume control. Otherwise there is a three-way switch for control technology. That's it. A tone control would really be out of place at Rammstein.

As expected, when played dry, the instrument leaves a very good impression. The swimming behavior is excellent, especially since ESP has built a stabilizer into the Floyd Raw system, with which double bends can also be implemented without the tuning getting completely out of control due to side pulling. Unfortunately, the ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL also has the problem of the so-called neck spiral effect, i.e. the two springs that are drawn into the instrument behave like the neck spiral of a combo amplifier. The springs vibrate and blur the accentuated sound of the guitar. A layer of foam would work wonders here and I would definitely recommend it to anyone who wants to play anything with palm muting. And when you play Rammstein songs, you actually don't play anything without palm muting.

As expected, the sound of the ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL is primarily designed for high gain and even more high gain. This can be seen, among other things, in the fact that even with the minimum gain setting in the clean range, it is actually not possible to get a real clean sound out of the guitar, unless you use some kind of compressor to increase the input impulse on the amp to keep as low as possible. However, when it comes to distorted sounds, the instrument can show its absolute strength. The sound in the combination of wood and pickup remains comparatively transparent even at the highest level of distortion and offers very good vibration behavior due to the components used.

Conclusion

With the ESP E-II RZK-I Burnt FL, the Asian manufacturer has an uncompromising instrument in its portfolio, both visually and acoustically. A must for every Rammstein tribute band, an option for every hard’n’heavy band.

The workmanship is top notch, the optics are polarizing, just as the Rammstein image dictates.

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Additional Informations:

Rammstein, one of the most iconic industrial metal bands, originated in Berlin, Germany, in 1994. The formation of the band is intricately linked with the East German punk and underground rock scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, post-reunification. The band's members, Till Lindemann (vocals), Richard Z. Kruspe (lead guitar), Paul Landers (rhythm guitar), Oliver Riedel (bass), Christoph Schneider (drums), and Christian "Flake" Lorenz (keyboards), came together from various bands that were part of the East Berlin music scene.

Richard Kruspe, originally from Schwerin in East Germany, was instrumental in the band's creation. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Kruspe moved to Berlin, where he experienced a vibrant, burgeoning music scene that was undergoing significant change. In Berlin, he joined the band Orgasm Death Gimmick. However, he felt constrained by the musical direction and wanted to explore a heavier and more powerful sound.

In 1993, Kruspe teamed up with Till Lindemann, who was then a drummer in the punk band First Arsch, and they began working on music together. This collaboration marked the genesis of what would become Rammstein. Kruspe's vision was to create music that was both intense and theatrical, drawing from his experiences and inspirations in heavy metal and industrial music.

#### The Band Comes Together

Kruspe, Lindemann, and bassist Oliver Riedel, who was playing in the band The Inchtabokatables at the time, decided to form a new band. They were soon joined by drummer Christoph Schneider, from Die Firma. The initial lineup was almost complete, but it needed a final touch to distinguish their sound. Paul Landers, a guitarist from the East Berlin punk band Feeling B, and keyboardist Christian "Flake" Lorenz, also from Feeling B, were the final pieces. The chemistry between the members was immediate, and they quickly found a unique sound that combined heavy guitar riffs, electronic elements, and dramatic, often controversial lyrics.

The band's name, Rammstein, was derived from the German town of Ramstein-Miesenbach, the site of a tragic air show disaster in 1988 that left 70 people dead. The name also includes a double 'm' to distinguish themselves from the town and to give it a more forceful, powerful sound. The term "Rammstein" literally translates to "battering ram," which aptly describes their aggressive musical style.

#### Early Recordings and Breakthrough

Rammstein's early demos were recorded with a raw, aggressive sound that caught the attention of Paul H. Landers' former bandmate, Jacob Hellner, who became their producer. In 1994, they won a contest in Berlin for amateur bands, which secured them a professional recording session. This led to the creation of their first album, *Herzeleid*, released in 1995. The album cover, featuring the band members bare-chested, was intended to evoke the image of muscular, powerful men. However, it also sparked controversy, as some interpreted it as having nationalist and militaristic connotations.

Despite mixed reviews, *Herzeleid* began to build Rammstein's reputation in Germany. Their music videos for tracks like "Du riechst so gut" and "Seemann" received significant airplay on German music channels. Their live performances, marked by pyrotechnics, theatricality, and Lindemann's deep, distinctive voice, started to draw a dedicated fanbase.

#### International Success and *Sehnsucht*

Rammstein's international breakthrough came with their second album, *Sehnsucht*, released in 1997. The album featured hits like "Engel" and "Du hast," which garnered significant attention outside Germany. "Du hast," in particular, became a massive hit, thanks to its aggressive, catchy hook and a visually striking music video. The song's success was bolstered by its inclusion in the soundtrack of the film *The Matrix* (1999), which exposed the band to a global audience.

*Sehnsucht* achieved platinum status in several countries and marked the beginning of Rammstein's international tours. Their live shows became renowned for their spectacular pyrotechnics, elaborate stage setups, and Lindemann's charismatic performances. The band's willingness to incorporate controversial and provocative themes into their music and performances set them apart in the metal scene.

#### Continued Evolution and *Mutter*

The early 2000s saw Rammstein continuing to evolve musically. Their third album, *Mutter*, released in 2001, showcased a more polished sound and deeper, more complex themes. The album included tracks like "Sonne," "Ich will," and "Mutter," which became some of the band's most iconic songs. The success of *Mutter* solidified Rammstein's position as a major force in the global metal scene.

Rammstein's lyrical content often delves into dark, taboo, and controversial subjects, including politics, sexuality, and human psychology. This has led to criticism and censorship in some countries, but it has also fueled their mystique and appeal. The band's ability to blend heavy, industrial sounds with melodic hooks and thought-provoking lyrics has won them a diverse and dedicated fanbase.

#### Artistic Growth and *Reise, Reise*

In 2004, Rammstein released *Reise, Reise*, which continued their exploration of diverse musical styles and themes. The album featured the hit single "Mein Teil," inspired by the infamous Armin Meiwes cannibalism case in Germany. The song's graphic and controversial subject matter exemplified Rammstein's fearless approach to their art. Other notable tracks included "Amerika," a satirical take on American cultural imperialism, and "Keine Lust," which addressed themes of apathy and excess.

*Reise, Reise* received critical acclaim for its bold themes and innovative sound. The album's success further cemented Rammstein's reputation as pioneers of the industrial metal genre. Their subsequent tour featured even more elaborate stage setups and pyrotechnic displays, showcasing their commitment to delivering unforgettable live experiences.

#### Later Years and Ongoing Legacy

Rammstein continued to release successful albums throughout the late 2000s and 2010s, including *Rosenrot* (2005) and *Liebe ist für alle da* (2009). Each album saw the band pushing the boundaries of their music and stage performances. *Liebe ist für alle da* sparked controversy with its explicit content and provocative themes, leading to censorship in Germany. However, this only added to the band's notoriety and appeal.

In 2011, Rammstein released their first greatest hits album, *Made in Germany 1995–2011*, which included a new track, "Mein Land." The band embarked on a world tour to support the album, further solidifying their status as a global phenomenon.

The band took a hiatus from recording new music after the release of *Liebe ist für alle da*, focusing on their solo projects and personal lives. However, they returned with a self-titled album in 2019, which was their first studio album in a decade. The album was a critical and commercial success, proving that Rammstein remained a powerful force in the music industry.

#### Influence and Impact

Rammstein's influence extends beyond their music. They have played a significant role in bringing industrial metal to mainstream audiences and have inspired countless bands with their innovative sound and theatrical live shows. Their willingness to tackle controversial subjects and push the boundaries of artistic expression has earned them both praise and criticism, but it has undeniably solidified their place in music history.

The band's visual and performance artistry, particularly their use of pyrotechnics, has set a new standard for live concerts. Till Lindemann's commanding stage presence and the band's meticulous attention to detail in their performances have made them one of the most exciting live acts in the world.

#### Conclusion

Rammstein's journey from the underground punk scene of East Berlin to international stardom is a testament to their unique vision and relentless pursuit of artistic excellence. Over the decades, they have defied convention, courted controversy, and captivated audiences around the globe. Their music, characterized by its powerful blend of heavy metal and electronic elements, continues to resonate with fans old and new.

As Rammstein continues to evolve and create, their legacy as one of the most innovative and influential bands in modern music remains firmly intact. Their story is one of perseverance, creativity, and a fearless commitment to pushing the boundaries of their art.

TEST: Mackie c300z

 Does anyone remember three-way vocal speakers? So with 6.5 inches for the midrange? No, never seen it, let alone heard it? Don't worry, it's questionable whether this gap in knowledge really needs to be closed, because if there's one thing that has almost completely disappeared in vocal system equipment recently, it's the three-way system. In any case, in the last few years I haven't come across a chassis in the range up to 300 watts RMS that has more than one woofer and one tweeter driver.

Consequently, the C300z I have with the above-mentioned equipment has also set out to assert itself in the diversely represented full-range sound reinforcement sector, along with a lot of Mackie-typical features that are already available from similar product series. Today's consumer products have to be designed to be light, robust and with as few technical and acoustic hazards as possible, all at a competitive price, of course. Let's see how Mackie manages to rise to this challenge.


Construction:

Anyone who looks at the retail price of the product knows what's coming next. Like many other manufacturers, the former all-American flagship company has opted for the “developed in its home country, assembled in China” variant in favor of wages and ancillary wage costs. In contrast to the various variations of blue, which have previously been used primarily in the Mackie speaker family, the C300z uses the classic black. A matter of taste...

The C300z once again uses polypropylene as the housing construction, a flexible yet robust material that has a good mix of hardness (stable construction) and elasticity (risk of breakage under strong impacts) and has already gained experience in various other Mackie product ranges could. The dimensions of the structure are height 66 centimeters, width 39 centimeters, depth 38 centimeters, with a weight of 19 kilograms. All in all, an acceptable weight that can easily be moved by a strong man alone.

The shape of the box is an asymmetrical trapezoid, which means that the box can be used as a stand-alone or satellite solution for P.A., a small sidefill or as an approx. 45 degree wedge. A corresponding screwable pole flange is embedded on the underside. Furthermore, the construction is also designed for flight operations; appropriate screw connections can be attached to the M10 flight points on the top. 3 stacking troughs on the top and bottom of the housing enable appropriate stacking, but not without appropriate tensioning straps, as the weight of the construction is too low.

A carrying handle on the side of the housing, equipped with an ergonomically placed core, ensures that the box can be easily lifted onto a high stand. In general, the box can be described as very handy, as its center of gravity when approached on this handle can be described as very successful. Thanks to an additional recessed grip on the top of the housing, the box can also be quickly maneuvered vertically.

In terms of loudspeaker technology, the C300z was equipped with a 12" bass chassis with a 3" voice coil and a 1.75" compression driver with a titanium dome with a 90x45 degree beam angle. The tweeter horn is recessed approx. 10 centimeters into the housing to protect it from damage A relatively finely perforated, black steel grille is used to protect the rear-mounted woofer, which was secured with four screws.

Don't be fooled by the front view, even if the woofer looks like a 15-inch model due to the large protective grille, it's still a 12-inch model. According to the manufacturer, the design has a frequency response of 45 Hz to 20 kHz, although the experienced sound engineer can confidently install an “optical high-pass filter” in the diagram due to the low-frequency equipment.

In terms of load, 300 watts RMS with 750 watts peak power at 8 ohms
and MAX 123 dB SPL at 1 kHz / 1 meter, a realistic value for the RMS, the 750 watts should be relegated to the loving hands of the marketing department. The connections available are two Speakon or two jacks for looping through, which are professional and completely sufficient in practice. Interestingly, a diagram on the back indicates that you should only use a maximum of two speakers per power amplifier side. Whether this should be a simple “protection circuit” for power amplifiers, which must not fall below the 4 ohm minimum load, is beyond my knowledge. Theoretically, 4 speakers per side should also be possible with a 2 ohm load and 1200 watts RMS.


Practice:

Wherever it says Mackie on it, the sound should also have Mackie on it, regardless of the country of production, so there shouldn't be any compromises here, even with production in a low-wage country. Fortunately, the most important trademarks in terms of sound are retained with the C300z. The well-known and relatively soft, three-dimensional reproduction is also present in the C300z and does not disappoint consumers. As with similar product series from Mackie, the plastic housing has no resonance frequencies or standing waves despite the lack of internal damping.

The spatial reproduction is good, the acoustic illumination is very good, especially with regard to the treble horn. Speech intelligibility is very good across the entire load radius, and the design is impressive even at high volumes. In addition, the box sounds quite voluminous even at low volumes; the voice coils do not require a large stroke as with other products to get a powerful sound from the speakers.

Even without an additional subwoofer, the C300z ensures a balanced sound, although one should not be under the illusion that a construction with this loudspeaker configuration, which is designed as a full-range, is a complete P.A. could replace. To ensure full operation, you will not be able to avoid adding an appropriate subwoofer, but if the system is primarily used for vocal or speech transmission, the transmission performance is completely sufficient.



Conclusion:

Whether in traditional blue or current black, even if the external shape sometimes changes slightly, the important sound components remain the same. For a street price of under €300, you get a good-sounding vocal box that has the most important sonic Mackie attributes.

Robust and easy to use, you can't go wrong with the C300z, especially since, like many similar products, it can also easily be used as a wedge.

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Additional Informations:

In the realm of professional audio equipment, few names command as much respect and admiration as Mackie. Renowned for their innovative mixers, loudspeakers, and studio monitors, Mackie Audio has played a pivotal role in shaping the way we experience sound. The story of Mackie's rise to prominence is one marked by ingenuity, determination, and a relentless pursuit of sonic excellence.

**Founding Vision**

Mackie Audio was founded in 1988 by Greg Mackie, an audio engineer and entrepreneur with a passion for creating high-quality, affordable audio equipment. Frustrated by the high cost and complexity of existing audio mixers, Mackie set out to develop a line of products that would democratize professional audio production and make it accessible to a wider audience.

Armed with a background in electrical engineering and a keen understanding of the needs of musicians and sound engineers, Mackie embarked on a journey to revolutionize the world of sound reinforcement and recording.

**Innovative Products**

Mackie's breakthrough came in 1989 with the introduction of the CR-1604, the world's first compact mixer with built-in compression. This revolutionary mixer offered professional-grade audio quality and features at a fraction of the cost of traditional studio consoles, making it an instant hit among musicians, DJs, and small venue owners.

Building on the success of the CR-1604, Mackie continued to innovate and expand its product lineup. In 1992, they introduced the HR824 studio monitor, which quickly became the industry standard for accurate, transparent sound reproduction in recording studios around the world.

Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Mackie solidified its reputation as a leader in audio technology with a series of groundbreaking products, including the SRM450 powered loudspeaker, the VLZ Pro series of mixers, and the Onyx recording interfaces. These innovative products set new standards for performance, reliability, and affordability, cementing Mackie's position as a driving force in the professional audio industry.

**Commitment to Quality**

Central to Mackie's success is a relentless commitment to quality and reliability. From the design and engineering phase to manufacturing and testing, every Mackie product undergoes rigorous quality control processes to ensure that it meets the highest standards of performance and durability.

Mackie's dedication to quality extends beyond its products to its customer service and support. With a global network of authorized dealers and service centers, Mackie ensures that customers receive prompt assistance and expert advice whenever they need it.

**Global Impact**

Since its founding, Mackie Audio has had a profound impact on the world of professional audio. From small clubs and home studios to major concert venues and recording studios, Mackie products are used by musicians, sound engineers, and audio professionals of all stripes to create unforgettable sonic experiences.

Mackie's influence can be felt not only in the products they produce but also in the way they have democratized audio production and made it more accessible to a wider audience. By offering professional-grade equipment at affordable prices, Mackie has empowered countless musicians and sound engineers to realize their creative vision and bring their music to life.

**Looking Ahead**

As Mackie Audio looks to the future, the company remains committed to pushing the boundaries of audio technology and innovation. With a team of talented engineers and designers at the helm, Mackie continues to develop cutting-edge products that meet the evolving needs of the audio industry.

From live sound reinforcement and recording to podcasting and content creation, Mackie Audio is dedicated to providing musicians, sound engineers, and audio professionals with the tools they need to succeed in today's competitive landscape.

Certainly! Let's delve deeper into the fascinating history and evolution of Mackie Audio.

**Continued Innovation**

Throughout its history, Mackie Audio has continued to push the boundaries of audio technology with a relentless focus on innovation. In the early 2000s, Mackie introduced the Mackie Control Universal, a groundbreaking control surface that revolutionized the way musicians and engineers interacted with their digital audio workstations (DAWs). With its intuitive layout and seamless integration with popular recording software, the Mackie Control Universal became an indispensable tool for music producers and engineers worldwide.

Mackie also expanded its product lineup to include a range of digital mixers, such as the DL Series, which combined the power and flexibility of digital audio processing with the ease of use and reliability of traditional analog mixers. These digital mixers offered a wealth of features and capabilities, including advanced signal routing, built-in effects processing, and wireless mixing capabilities, making them ideal for a wide range of live sound and recording applications.

**Acquisition and Expansion**

In 2003, Mackie Audio was acquired by LOUD Technologies Inc., a leading manufacturer of professional audio equipment. Under the umbrella of LOUD Technologies, Mackie continued to thrive and expand its product offerings, while also benefiting from access to greater resources and expertise.

In the years that followed, Mackie introduced a number of innovative products, including the popular Thump series of powered loudspeakers, the SRM350 and SRM450v2 powered loudspeakers, and the ProFX series of compact analog mixers with built-in effects. These products further solidified Mackie's reputation as a pioneer in the field of professional audio equipment, while also attracting new customers and markets.

**Community Engagement**

Central to Mackie's success has been its commitment to engaging with and supporting the audio community. Mackie has cultivated a strong presence at industry trade shows, music festivals, and educational events, where they showcase their latest products and technologies and offer hands-on demonstrations and workshops.

Mackie has also fostered a vibrant online community through its website, social media channels, and user forums, where musicians, engineers, and enthusiasts can connect, share tips and tricks, and collaborate on projects. This sense of community and camaraderie has been instrumental in driving innovation and inspiring creativity among Mackie's customers and fans.

**Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility**

In recent years, Mackie Audio has also made strides in promoting sustainability and corporate responsibility. The company has implemented eco-friendly manufacturing practices, such as reducing waste and energy consumption, and has made efforts to source materials from environmentally responsible suppliers.

Mackie has also supported various charitable initiatives and community organizations, including music education programs, disaster relief efforts, and environmental conservation projects. By giving back to the communities in which it operates, Mackie is helping to create a brighter and more sustainable future for generations to come.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, the story of Mackie Audio is one of innovation, perseverance, and a deep commitment to excellence. From its humble beginnings in a garage in Woodinville, Washington, to its status as a global leader in professional audio equipment, Mackie has remained true to its founding vision of empowering musicians and engineers to create exceptional sound experiences.

As Mackie Audio continues to evolve and grow, one thing remains constant: its dedication to pushing the boundaries of audio technology and inspiring creativity in the audio community. With a legacy of innovation and a passion for excellence, Mackie Audio is poised to shape the future of sound for years to come.

TEST: Maäg Audio EQ4M

 It's the eternal battle of hardware versus software, analog manual work versus total recall, maximum sound output versus budget planning and in most cases budget planning wins. This is not surprising since, as we all know, the music industry and the associated sources of income have changed massively in recent years. However, this should not be understood as a judgment at all, because there are suitable buyers for both the hardware and the software solutions, although it is only important to find out in which area you are or would like to be. Today we once again have a battleship in the form of a 1U 19 inch version, which is available both as a software plugin and as a “half” 500 version. We're talking about the MÄAG EQ4M.

The construction of the MÄAG EQ4M

The MÄAG EQ4M is a stereo equalizer that has an identical right and left channel. The individual channels work with 2 x 6 bands each, which are divided into the groups 40 Hz, 160 Hz, 650 Hz as a bandpass and 2.5 kHz as a shelving filter. On the left and right sides of the frequency spectrum there is a control called SUB, which starts at 10 Hz and is diametrically opposed to the legendary Air band. The Air Band offers 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 kHz as operating frequencies.

Both the individual channels and the two air bands can be switched independently of one another. To better fix the setting and also to make it easier to remember the result, the potentiometers are all gridded. All bands offer boost/cut ranges of +15 dB and -4.5 dB with a center position at 0 dB. For the input level, both channels each offer a gridded gain control, which has two LEDs. As always, we have the control that the color green indicates that a signal is present, red indicates that the peak level has been reached.

Now many readers will immediately ask themselves why the manufacturer offers frequency ranges that are both far below and far above human hearing ability. 10 Hz or 40 kHz are out of the question, but even 20 kHz can actually only be heard by a newborn and the hearing range decreases very quickly with age. What needs to be taken into account, however, is that even if the core frequency is above or below human hearing ability, the sound range radiates into the human audible range.

This means that you perceive the deep bass and extreme highs more as colors or physical experiences than as actually entering the audible range of the music. One could almost speak of a slightly psychoacoustic perception, which, however, increases the quality of the auditory impression many times over and makes a recording appear somewhat “noble” or “finer” to a certain extent.


The processing of the MÄAG EQ4M

The product, developed and manufactured in the USA, once again demonstrates the very high quality of MÄAG-Audio in terms of workmanship. The equalizer sits in an extremely solid housing, is excellently manufactured and even small details such as the routing of the pressure switches, the countering of the individual controls on the front panel and the general high quality of the internal components show once again why MÄAG has such an excellent reputation in all of them years.

The steel sheet of the front panel alone is almost 3 mm thick and easily manages to support the product, which is not exactly light, even at a right angle, without any kind of twisting or bending occurring despite the powerful torque of the 22 cm deep housing .

The classic MÄAG blue with the color alignment of the control knobs, on the other hand, will in all probability still be polarizing. Personally, I really like the strong blue, but I also understand that there are people who will have problems with this “subtly” British color scheme, especially in combination with the Villa Kunterbunt knob department. As always, it's all a matter of taste.


The back of the MÄAG EQ4M

The tactile quality of the product is of course continued on the back. For the right / left In / Out channels we find lockable Neutrik sockets in XLR design, a cold device socket and a really nice, stiff on-off switch, so that even switching the product on and off is really fun.


The MÄAG EQ4M in practice

To put it bluntly, I couldn't make an A/B comparison with the software/plugin version of the EQ4M. All I could hear was footage from the internet of an engineer comparing the two products against each other. You could hear subtle differences, but I wouldn't presume to derive any kind of reference from a YouTube recording.

However, I am relatively sure that this product also has the same sound reproduction as other high-end outgear producers, such as SPL or similar, where the parallel software solution sounds very good, but in terms of detail, Resolution and headroom most likely cannot keep up with the hardware solution.

Speaking of headroom, the MÄAG EQ4M has a headroom of +29 dBu and is therefore above the version of two 500 elements connected together to form a stereo channel, which, as far as I know, “only” has a headroom of +24 dBu. To what extent this subtlety differs in sound, everyone has to find out for themselves. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to make an A/B comparison here either, but my experience tells me that a subtle difference can probably be noticed. However, I dare not say to what extent this affects the final signal quality.

But how does the Mark EQ4M equalizer sound in practice? To put it in a word, excellent! It's really hard to still get excited when I'm working on a band pass after so long doing my job as a sound engineer, but I have to admit, this product really makes my eyes light up.

I'm not even talking about the Air Band, which leaves behind a legendary sound character and, with its extremely fine resolution, has something almost three-dimensional about it. But even in the midrange, the tone control works discreetly yet effectively and manages to leave an incredibly balanced sound despite the fixed bands, which cannot be changed. And this applies to almost every instrument that you feed in, although the EQ can particularly score points with the drums and choirs. Unfortunately, I couldn't find out what Q factor the bandpass filters were set at the factory, but they sound incredibly “musical”. Effective and discreet at the same time, a really difficult undertaking, but one that the MÄAG EQ4M masters very well.

In terms of application, the equalizer can of course be used in the mastering chain as expected, but the product also leaves a very good impression in the respective subgroup area. If you're still working with a real console, you should really have fun and route the drums together on a subgroup, compress them accordingly and finally run them through the EQ4M and feed them back in. It's a real joy to hear what the equalizer can bring out of this instrument.

When it comes to clean guitars, for example undistorted electric guitars or acoustic guitars, the EQ4 is also convincing. With distorted electric guitars it could be difficult because the midrange was not designed for this. In particular, the MÄAG EQ4M lacks a frequency band between 1 and 2 kHz, which is extremely important for a distorted guitar in terms of assertiveness within the mix. To be fair, it must also be said that the product was definitely not built for high-gain guitars, but rather is aimed at the general frequency range of a signal.

Conclusion

With the MÄAG EQ4M, the American manufacturer has a very hot iron in its portfolio when it comes to sound shaping. The product not only stands for exceptional sound quality, but also for technical sophistication. Its precise sound shaping ability, coupled with the high quality of the construction and components, makes it an outstanding tool in any studio that aims to not only edit recordings, but to truly refine them.

At a time when digital solutions are often at the forefront, the MÄAG EQ4M reminds us that the analog domain still offers unrivaled sound qualities that are essential for producing music at the highest level.

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Additional Informations:

In the realm of professional audio engineering, where precision and sonic clarity reign supreme, Maag Audio stands as a beacon of innovation and excellence. The story of Maag Audio's inception is one marked by a relentless pursuit of sonic perfection and a commitment to pushing the boundaries of audio technology.

**Founding Vision**

Maag Audio was founded by Cliff Maag Sr., a visionary audio engineer with a passion for crafting exceptional sound. With over three decades of experience in the industry, Maag Sr. had honed his skills working with top artists and producers, gaining invaluable insights into the nuances of audio processing and signal shaping.

Driven by a desire to create audio tools that would empower engineers and musicians to achieve their creative vision, Maag Sr. set out to establish his own company. In 2009, Maag Audio was born, with a mission to develop innovative audio processors that would deliver unparalleled sound quality and performance.

**Signature Sound**

One of the hallmarks of Maag Audio's products is the distinctive "Air Band" EQ, a revolutionary equalization technology designed to enhance the high-frequency range of audio signals. Developed by Maag Sr. after years of experimentation and refinement, the Air Band EQ quickly became synonymous with the Maag Audio brand, earning praise from engineers and producers worldwide for its ability to add sparkle and presence to any mix.

The Air Band EQ, along with other proprietary technologies developed by Maag Audio, such as the PreQ4 microphone preamp and the EQ4 and EQ2 equalizers, has been integral to the company's success. These innovative tools have been embraced by audio professionals across a wide range of genres, from pop and rock to hip-hop and electronic music, cementing Maag Audio's reputation as a leader in the field of audio processing.

**Collaborative Spirit**

Central to Maag Audio's ethos is a spirit of collaboration and partnership with the audio community. From the outset, Maag Sr. sought to engage with engineers, producers, and musicians to better understand their needs and challenges in the studio. This collaborative approach has informed the development of Maag Audio's products, ensuring that they meet the demands of real-world audio production environments.

Through partnerships with industry luminaries and educational institutions, Maag Audio has been able to foster a vibrant ecosystem of creativity and innovation. By providing access to cutting-edge audio tools and expertise, Maag Audio has empowered a new generation of audio professionals to push the boundaries of what is possible in the studio.

**Global Reach**

Since its founding, Maag Audio has grown from a boutique operation to a globally recognized brand, with a presence in studios and soundstages around the world. From Nashville to New York, Los Angeles to London, Maag Audio's products are relied upon by top engineers and producers to deliver pristine sound quality and unparalleled sonic flexibility.

Maag Audio's commitment to quality and reliability has earned the trust of some of the biggest names in the music industry, including Grammy-winning artists, chart-topping producers, and award-winning engineers. Whether in the studio or on the stage, Maag Audio's products continue to set the standard for excellence in audio processing.

**Looking Ahead**

As Maag Audio looks to the future, the company remains dedicated to pushing the boundaries of audio technology and innovation. With a talented team of engineers and designers at the helm, Maag Audio is constantly exploring new avenues for sonic exploration and experimentation.

From refining existing technologies to developing groundbreaking new products, Maag Audio is committed to staying at the forefront of the industry. With a focus on quality, performance, and sonic excellence, Maag Audio continues to inspire and empower audio professionals around the world to create their best work.

In conclusion, the story of Maag Audio is one of passion, innovation, and a relentless commitment to sonic excellence. From its humble beginnings to its status as a global leader in audio processing, Maag Audio's journey is a testament to the transformative power of technology and the enduring allure of great sound. As the company continues to evolve and grow, one thing remains constant: Maag Audio's unwavering dedication to helping engineers and musicians bring their creative visions to life with clarity, precision, and sonic brilliance.

TEST: ESP KH-V

 Even Kirk Hammett doesn't always have it easy. Playing in the most famous metal band of all time has many advantages, but also some disadvantages. Probably the biggest disadvantage is that as a vegetarian you have to play in a band with a hunter. Personally, it's a complete mystery to me how he gets through something like that. One of the biggest advantages, in addition to the economic income, is probably the fact that in this league you are well to very well supplied with instruments of all kinds, as you represent a very strong advertising medium for the respective manufacturer, who not only receives an unlimited number of instruments, but of course also involved in the sale of the instruments. The latest Hammett model from LTD is called ESP LTD KH-V Metallic Gold and is the Korean version of the American ESP models.

The concept of ESP LTD KH-V Metallic Gold

If we take aside the legendary Les Paul Greeny, which Kirk Hammett acquired from Gary Moore in a cloak and dagger operation for the price of one million dollars, since Gary Moore got into financial difficulties due to liability problems, we see the man who Rumor has it that he had his car's clutch pedal replaced with Wah Wah pedals (just kidding!), usually only with three different models on stage. For my part, I associate Kirk Hammett primarily with various versions of Powerstrats, and secondarily with Les Paul variants tailored to him with Floyd Rose Vibrato systems. As a third body shape, Kirk Hammett often used the Flying V, especially in his early days, which was later converted into the Arrow shape due to the cooperation with ESP, the shape that is not completely symmetrical, but is characterized by the fact that the upper horn is slightly longer is the lower one and, as far as I know, the first time it was brought onto the market by the Jackson company.

This form is exactly what the LTD uses. But it's not enough that the same iconic shape in itself generates a certain amount of attention, the instrument is also painted in "all gold", meaning not only the body, front and back, but also the entire headstock and neck are continuous painted in opaque gold. This is a finish that was adopted from earlier Les Pauls from the 50s, which at the time was a particularly elegant design due to the lacquered back of the neck. The paintwork is applied absolutely perfectly and offers no cause for criticism.

In order to generate maximum sustain, the instrument was built with a three-piece, continuous neck made of maple, with the glued-on body wings made of Korina. All in all, the construction is unusually light, especially for its very large dimensions, and weighs just over 3 kg. The fingerboard is a medium dark Macassar ebony with 24 extra jumbo frets. The fingerboard inlays were subtly based on Jackson's Sharkfin fingerboard inlays, but gave the shape a personal character by rounding the upper edge into a kind of "club".

However, the big disadvantage of this body shape follows immediately. It is virtually impossible to place this instrument on a guitar stand other than in a purely hanging stand in any way that does not cause either the horns or the back of the guitar to be scratched in some way. Of course you can lay out the guitar from below in a guitar boat with appropriate soft material, but it is only a matter of time before the upper horn in particular loses its finish in some way. The only way to prevent this would be to use a hanging stand, such as the one König & Meier offers, as long as you don't want to scratch your instrument in any way at some point. LTD has taken care of the transport; the instrument is delivered in a high-quality hardshell case and is therefore protected during transport.

Another special feature of this instrument is the fact that the guitar is delivered without a vibrato system, which is otherwise used on most Kirk Hammett signature guitars. Instead, a fixed bridge is used, with the sides being passed through the body again for maximum sustain and countered on the back of the body. In order to take the King Midas flair to the extreme, all of the hardware is of course made of gold, with the tuners being locking mechanisms with the company's own logo. I couldn't find out whether LTD manufactures the tuners itself or buys them as OEM goods from a renowned manufacturer. In any case, their functionality is flawless.

The pickups

As expected, Kirk Hammett's signature EMG pickup set called the Bone Breaker was of course also installed on the guitar, but in my opinion this has a visual disadvantage. In the signature set, the EMG lettering is colored green, which in itself leaves a very tasteful image on the black pickups and also looks very good on a black guitar. The green lettering on a gold guitar, on the other hand, is, in my opinion, a bit visually borderline and would be picked up by any design police. As always, it's all a matter of taste, you can see it however you like, but perhaps a different color, preferably gold of course, would have been more appropriate.

The hardware

As already mentioned, LTD consistently applies the gold finish down to the last cracks, so that not only are almost all wooden elements gold-plated, but of course all the hardware and all screws are gold-plated as well. The only thing not captured are the plastic pickup frames and a cream-colored pickguard that houses a master volume, master tone control, and three-way switch.

With the strap pins, LTD has to deal with the same problem that all guitars have where the back pin is not attached to the top horn at the end. Because the front pin is on the back of the body and the rear pin is attached to the top horn facing downwards, we automatically have a slight forward leverage that turns the guitar away from the body through the strap. Under certain circumstances, this can mean that the view of the fretboard is not quite as relaxed as when a guitar is turned towards the body, as is the case with almost all Powerstrats due to the shaping. Everyone has to determine for themselves to what extent this influences their personal playing experience. I'm relatively sure that you'll adjust to it quickly, but particularly sensitive people should start a test run in advance.

It is also interesting that the transition from the neck to the body or through the body, especially on the upper body wing, was kept relatively “masculine”, which means that the hand still has a lot of wood to overcome, especially in the area of the upper frets on the bass sides. before she finally gets where she wants to go with her fingers. But hey, if it's a signature model, Kirk Hammett will probably have the appropriate finger lengths to master this point.

The ESP LTD KH-V Metallic Gold in practice

Once again, “you get what you see” applies to this instrument. Even the most beautiful gold finish, which will bring tears of joy to the eyes of one or two show musicians, cannot hide the fact that this instrument is a tough, hard'n'heavy guitar that is aimed at a clear target group delivered accordingly. The instrument offers everything it needs for a good metal show, a slightly provocative look, an eye-catching finish and an iconic shape that will probably only be found very rarely in the dance music sector.

The playability of the instrument is very good, the combination of woods and pickups provides very good performance even with high gain escapades and is guaranteed to find its buyers. If you can't get used to the gold finish, the instrument can also be purchased in Red or Black Sparkle. Although there is no different gradation between bridge and neck pickup in the KH Bone Breaker Set, the set offers a balanced sound, which, in addition to the classic EMG basic sound, also generates a subtle adjustment to the musician's personal taste.

A very good heavy guitar with a high attention value.


Conclusion

With the ESP LTD KH-V Metallic Gold, the Korean manufacturer has a heavy guitar of the classical school in its range. The look, sound and conception were uncompromisingly tailored to the hard rock / metal area and should bring every Kirk Hammett fan a lot of joy in the rehearsal room and on stage.


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Additional Informations:



Metallica, a name synonymous with the power and aggression of heavy metal music, has solidified its place in the annals of rock history. The band's journey from its humble beginnings to becoming one of the most influential and successful metal acts of all time is a tale of perseverance, passion, and relentless dedication to their craft.

**Formation and Early Years**

The story of Metallica begins in Los Angeles, California, in 1981. Drummer Lars Ulrich had placed an advertisement in a local newspaper seeking musicians to form a band. Guitarist James Hetfield responded, and the two quickly bonded over their shared love of hard rock and heavy metal. With Hetfield on rhythm guitar and vocals and Ulrich on drums, the foundation of Metallica was laid.

The duo's vision for the band was clear: to create uncompromising, aggressive music that pushed the boundaries of conventional rock. They recruited guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist Ron McGovney to complete the lineup. This formation would become known as the "original" Metallica lineup.

In 1982, Metallica recorded their first demo, "No Life 'til Leather," which gained them attention in the underground metal scene. Mustaine's blistering guitar solos and Hetfield's raw vocals showcased the band's potential, earning them a dedicated following.

However, tensions within the band began to rise, particularly between Mustaine and the rest of the group. His excessive substance abuse and volatile behavior led to his dismissal from the band in 1983. Mustaine would go on to form the influential thrash metal band Megadeth, but Metallica would continue without him.

**Rise to Prominence**

Following Mustaine's departure, Metallica recruited guitarist Kirk Hammett from the band Exodus to fill the void. With the new lineup solidified, Metallica set out to record their debut album. In 1983, they released "Kill 'Em All," a landmark record that would lay the groundwork for the thrash metal genre.

"Kill 'Em All" showcased Metallica's trademark sound: blistering guitar riffs, lightning-fast solos, and aggressive rhythms. Tracks like "Seek & Destroy" and "Whiplash" became instant classics, earning Metallica a reputation as one of the most exciting bands in heavy metal.

Buoyed by the success of their debut album, Metallica embarked on a relentless touring schedule, performing across the United States and Europe. Their electrifying live shows earned them a devoted fanbase and caught the attention of major record labels.

In 1984, Metallica signed with Elektra Records and began work on their sophomore album. The resulting record, "Ride the Lightning," further solidified Metallica's reputation as pioneers of the thrash metal genre. Tracks like "For Whom the Bell Tolls" and the epic instrumental "The Call of Ktulu" showcased the band's musical prowess and songwriting depth.

**Mastering the Craft**

Metallica's ascent to superstardom reached new heights with the release of their third album, "Master of Puppets," in 1986. Widely regarded as one of the greatest metal albums of all time, "Master of Puppets" showcased Metallica at the peak of their creative powers.

The album's title track, along with songs like "Battery" and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)," demonstrated Metallica's ability to blend intricate song structures with powerful melodies and searing aggression. "Master of Puppets" catapulted Metallica to international fame and cemented their status as metal legends.

Tragically, the success of "Master of Puppets" was overshadowed by the death of bassist Cliff Burton in a tour bus accident in Sweden in 1986. Burton's untimely passing devastated the band and their fans but did not derail Metallica's momentum.

**Continued Evolution**

In the wake of Burton's death, Metallica faced the daunting task of carrying on without one of their founding members. After auditioning several bassists, including Jason Newsted, Metallica eventually welcomed Newsted into the fold.

With Newsted on board, Metallica released their fourth studio album, "...And Justice for All," in 1988. The album showcased a more progressive and complex sound, with tracks like "One" and the title track pushing the boundaries of metal music.

Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Metallica continued to evolve and experiment with their sound. Albums like "Metallica" (commonly known as "The Black Album"), "Load," and "Reload" saw the band exploring new musical territories while maintaining their trademark heaviness and intensity.

Despite facing criticism from some longtime fans for deviating from their thrash metal roots, Metallica's commercial success remained unparalleled. They continued to sell out arenas and stadiums worldwide, solidifying their status as one of the biggest rock bands on the planet.

**Legacy and Influence**

Metallica's impact on the world of heavy metal cannot be overstated. From their early days as pioneers of the thrash metal movement to their later experiments with different musical styles, Metallica has consistently pushed the boundaries of what metal music can be.

Their influence can be heard in countless bands across multiple generations, from thrash metal icons like Megadeth and Slayer to modern metal acts like Avenged Sevenfold and Trivium. Metallica's legacy extends beyond their music, with their pioneering approach to music videos, merchandising, and live performances setting new standards for the industry.

In 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, cementing their place in music history. Despite facing numerous challenges and setbacks over the years, including personal struggles, lineup changes, and creative differences, Metallica has remained a formidable force in the world of rock and metal.

As they approach their fifth decade as a band, Metallica shows no signs of slowing down. With a new album in the works and a relentless touring schedule, the band continues to inspire legions of fans around the globe with their electrifying live performances and uncompromising dedication to their craft.

In conclusion, the story of Metallica is not just one of musical achievement but also of resilience, passion, and the enduring power of rock and roll. From their humble beginnings in Los Angeles to their status as metal gods, Metallica's journey is a testament to the transformative power of music and the enduring legacy of one of the greatest bands of all time.

TEST: LTD Vulture OW

 In fact, there aren't too many people these days who deserve the title of rock star, as the term has been greatly watered down in times of media and sensory overload. One of the few musicians to whom this term still applies is James Hetfield, singer, guitarist and frontman of the most successful heavy metal band of all time and probably also in the top 10 when it comes to the most successful bands of all time, Metallica. The man, who has often drawn negative attention to himself in the past with his special rhythm playing style and on the other hand with his heavy alcohol abuse and his desire to kill animals, is also a heavyweight when it comes to weighting the advertising medium for the company ESP Guitars. Decades ago, Hetfield switched from Gibson to the originally Asian company, which tailored the Gibson flagships in the form of the Flying V, Explorer and Les Paul to his body in a slightly different form. The LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW we have for testing, which is made in Korea, is also available for almost three times the price of ESP with Made In USA.

The construction of the LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW

There may be other points that I didn't recognize during my research, but if I interpret the whole thing correctly, the only difference between the Korean and USA versions is that the USA version has a continuous mahogany neck with attached body wings is used, while the Korean version uses a three-strip, glued-in neck made of maple. To what extent this point and possibly a Luthier production along with a better final inspection justify a price of 5,649 euros compared to the 1,899 euros for the Korean version, everyone ultimately has to find out for themselves. As I said, if I missed something, let me add the additions.

It's not really difficult to see that the LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW has its origins in the Flying V, although some details differ significantly from the original. In addition to the asymmetrical body, what is particularly noticeable is the headstock with six-in-a-row tuners, which is actually subtly reminiscent of a vulture's beak, which is normally not used on a Flying V for aesthetic reasons. But here too, no judgment on my part, it's all a matter of taste.

It is probably clear to everyone that the dimensions of the instrument are quite large. Nevertheless, the instrument is comparatively light at just under 3.5 kg. I would have expected more on the scales. The color of the instrument, which was dubbed “Olympic White”, is not pure white, nor is it an eggshell color, but is more reminiscent of the fur of a polar bear. Whether you want to stand on stage with a white instrument is of course up to you, but this color offers the incredible advantage that it automatically takes on any color of a colored spotlight.

To increase playing comfort, the upper part of the body has been discreetly shaped along its entire length. What surprises me personally is the placement of the strap pin on the neck. As is well known, you have to be careful with the Flying V that you don't end up being top-heavy, but in my opinion the belt pin is not necessarily in the optimal place. Depending on which belt you use, you may have the problem of getting your palm on the belt when playing at high levels, which somewhat reduces the comfort of playing at high levels.

However, the output socket on the upper horn of the body is very well done, which prevents you from having to endure the infamous loop formation at an output socket on the lower horn of the body, which is known to occur when you use the strap pin as a cable lock. As befits a full-time rhythm guitarist, no vibrator system was installed on the instrument. Instead, the traditional stop-tailpiece tailpiece is used in combination with a fixed bridge, which, together with the six locking mechanisms on the headstock, does a tuning-stable and proper job.

All of the instrument's hardware, plus the glued-on company logo and the black plastic frames for the pickups, were all kept in a tasteful black, creating a nice contrast to the white on the body as well as on the back of the neck and headstock has been used. The very dark ebony used as the fingerboard also supports the black and white coloring of the instrument.

Interestingly, the scale length of the LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW is 629 mm and is therefore in the range of a slightly extended short scale length. The short scale length was probably used, as Gibson also uses the short scale length on the models mentioned above, although slightly shortened to approx. 623 mm. 22 jumbo frets called XJ are used as frets. The shaping of the neck is called “Thin U” by the manufacturer, which reproduces the grip feeling quite well. However, it could also be a somewhat expansive D, which also reflects the gripping feeling well.

As in the area of guitar choice, Metallica, along with Zakk Wylde, are considered THE flagship in the area of EMG pickups, which both guitarists have been playing on their signature instruments for over 30 years. For this purpose, Hetfield uses a “Het Set” designed for him, which, in contrast to de z. B. the very popular Type 81, which work with bar magnets, are equipped with stay magnets, which should ensure a more defined low end. The battery required for active operation is housed in a cutout on the back of the instrument, which is covered with a screwed plastic cover. Personally, I also prefer the screw solution over a clip solution, as it cannot accidentally pop open even during wild stage use and, with an operating life of almost 2,000 hours, it is only opened every few years anyway. The control options of the two pickups are traditionally spartan and consist only of two master volume controls and a three-way switch. Anyone who expected a Mastertone control here has never listened to Metallica's music.

The LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW in practice

I guess it's obvious to everyone that you can't really play LTD sitting down. I am well aware that it is now "normal" for musicians in YouTube videos to hold their Flying between their legs, giving the image of a typical guitar student on his classical guitar in his first year of learning, but this instrument is because of its body shape and its dimensions were built for playing while standing.

However, there is a small problem here regarding the belt routing. If you put the strap on the two pins, the leverage cannot prevent the guitar from bending slightly forward from above. Not really a problem, but guitarists usually prefer it the other way around, i.e. the instrument leans slightly towards the body in order to be able to see the fingerboard better. This problem could be solved by running the strap over the front of the body, but this looks terrible and may even be annoying during play. Ultimately, everyone has to find out for themselves whether this leverage is hindering them in any way or whether it is so small that it doesn't matter at all. So you can't really call this a defect, I just think it should be mentioned.

Otherwise, the description “You get what you see” really applies to the last detail with the LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW. Anyone who works with high gain or plays in a Metallica tribute band will be able to identify strongly with this instrument. Processing, sustain and tone shaping are very good and will satisfy the target group. Due to the combination of the components used and the EMG pickups, the sound remains comparatively transparent even at the highest high gain and allows palm muting playing styles in particular to appear in the best light. There is also the famous EMG Clean Sound, which has been polarizing for decades, but prevails very well and produces a very special, clear tone, especially if you play the instrument directly into the desk without speaker simulation.

Conclusion

With the LTD James Hetfield Vulture OW, the Asian manufacturer offers an instrument that will be welcomed with open arms by Metallica fans. The instrument, uncompromisingly designed for high gain operation, meets all the requirements to be able to tonally offer everything rock and metal classics in a tribute or cover band and still offers a comparatively transparent sound even at the highest high gain setting.

„Metal Will Never Die“

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LTD Guitars, a subsidiary of the renowned guitar manufacturer ESP, has a fascinating history that dates back to the 1970s. The company's origins can be traced to the vision and passion of a single individual, Takeshi Kishimoto, who sought to bring high-quality, affordable guitars to the masses.

## The Early Days

In 1975, Takeshi Kishimoto founded the Electric Sound Products (ESP) company in Tokyo, Japan. Initially, ESP focused on manufacturing guitar parts and accessories, catering to the growing demand for customization and modification among guitar enthusiasts. However, Kishimoto had bigger dreams – he wanted to create his own line of guitars that would combine exceptional craftsmanship with affordability.

The first ESP guitars hit the market in 1976, and they quickly gained a reputation for their quality and attention to detail. These early models were handcrafted in Japan, and their unique designs and innovative features appealed to both professional musicians and aspiring guitarists alike.

## The Birth of LTD Guitars

As ESP's popularity grew, so did the demand for their guitars. However, producing high-end instruments in Japan became increasingly expensive, and Kishimoto recognized the need to explore alternative manufacturing options to keep prices accessible. This realization led to the creation of LTD Guitars in 1996.

LTD, which stands for "Limited," was established as a subsidiary of ESP, with the primary goal of producing affordable, high-quality guitars in overseas factories. By outsourcing production to facilities in countries like Indonesia and Korea, LTD was able to offer guitars at significantly lower prices than their Japanese-made counterparts, without compromising on quality or design.

## Expansion and Innovation

LTD Guitars quickly gained a loyal following among guitarists seeking exceptional value for their money. The company's commitment to quality control and attention to detail ensured that each LTD guitar met the highest standards, despite being produced in overseas factories.

Over the years, LTD has expanded its product line to include a wide range of guitar models, catering to various musical genres and playing styles. From sleek and modern designs to classic and vintage-inspired models, LTD has something to offer for every guitarist.

One of the company's most significant innovations was the introduction of the LTD Signature Series, which featured guitars designed in collaboration with renowned artists and musicians. These signature models allowed players to experience the same instruments used by their idols, further solidifying LTD's reputation as a brand that truly understands the needs and preferences of guitarists.

## Global Reach and Continued Success

Today, LTD Guitars has established itself as a global brand, with a presence in numerous countries around the world. The company's commitment to quality, innovation, and affordability has earned it a loyal following among guitarists of all skill levels and musical backgrounds.

Despite the challenges posed by an ever-evolving music industry, LTD has remained steadfast in its pursuit of excellence. The company continues to push the boundaries of guitar design and manufacturing, constantly seeking new ways to improve its products and meet the changing needs of musicians.

As LTD Guitars celebrates its legacy and looks towards the future, one thing remains certain: the brand's unwavering dedication to providing high-quality, affordable guitars will continue to inspire and empower generations of musicians to come.

The success of LTD Guitars can be largely attributed to the visionary leadership and unwavering determination of its founder, Takeshi Kishimoto. From the very beginning, Kishimoto had a clear vision for creating high-quality guitars that would be accessible to musicians of all backgrounds and skill levels.

Kishimoto's passion for music and his understanding of the guitar industry's dynamics allowed him to identify a gap in the market – the need for affordable instruments that did not compromise on quality or playability. This insight led him to establish ESP and, later, LTD Guitars, which revolutionized the way guitars were manufactured and distributed.

Throughout his career, Kishimoto remained deeply involved in the design and production processes, ensuring that every LTD guitar met his exacting standards. His attention to detail and commitment to innovation were evident in the company's constant pursuit of new materials, manufacturing techniques, and design elements.

Kishimoto's leadership extended beyond the realm of product development. He fostered a corporate culture that valued creativity, collaboration, and a deep respect for the art of guitar-making. This philosophy attracted talented luthiers, designers, and musicians who shared his passion for creating exceptional instruments.

## Embracing Technological Advancements

As the guitar industry evolved, LTD Guitars remained at the forefront of technological advancements, embracing new materials and manufacturing processes that enhanced the quality and playability of their instruments.

One notable example is the company's adoption of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies. These tools allowed LTD to streamline the design and production processes, ensuring greater precision and consistency in the manufacturing of their guitars.

Additionally, LTD has been a pioneer in the use of innovative materials, such as lightweight and durable woods, as well as advanced hardware components. These materials not only improved the overall quality and performance of their guitars but also contributed to their distinctive aesthetic appeal.

## Collaborations and Artist Endorsements

LTD Guitars has long recognized the importance of collaborating with renowned artists and musicians, as these partnerships not only lend credibility to the brand but also provide valuable insights into the needs and preferences of professional players.

The LTD Signature Series, which features guitars designed in collaboration with legendary artists, has been a resounding success. These signature models have allowed guitarists to experience the same instruments used by their musical heroes, fostering a deeper connection between the brand and its customers.

Over the years, LTD has partnered with a diverse range of artists, spanning various genres and musical styles. From metal icons like Kirk Hammett of Metallica to jazz virtuosos like Al Di Meola, these collaborations have not only resulted in exceptional guitar designs but have also helped to solidify LTD's reputation as a brand that truly understands the needs of musicians.

## Commitment to Sustainability and Social Responsibility

In recent years, LTD Guitars has demonstrated a strong commitment to sustainability and social responsibility, recognizing the importance of minimizing its environmental impact and supporting the communities in which it operates.

The company has implemented various initiatives to reduce waste and promote eco-friendly practices throughout its manufacturing processes. This includes the use of sustainable materials, energy-efficient production methods, and responsible waste management strategies.

Additionally, LTD Guitars has partnered with various organizations and initiatives aimed at supporting music education and providing opportunities for aspiring musicians. These efforts not only contribute to the development of the next generation of guitarists but also foster a sense of community and shared passion for music.

As LTD Guitars continues to grow and evolve, its commitment to sustainability and social responsibility will undoubtedly remain a core part of its corporate philosophy, ensuring that the brand remains a responsible and ethical player in the guitar industry.